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Famous as a botanist, Bose was also a physicist. He was among the first scientists to prove that plants have life. He developed an instrument called crescograph to detect the minute responses of living organisms, especially plants. He showed that plants responded to light rays and wireless waves. He proved that plants too have feelings and stimuli like animals and respond to wireless and ultraviolet waves that humans cannot see. 

Bose has also been credited with the invention of the wireless before Marconi; but being a citizen of British India, he could not announce his discovery. The British Government knighted him in 1917; the same year, he founded the Bose Research Institute in Kolkatta. He was honored as Fellow of Royal Society in 1920.

He has authored Response in the Living and Non-living and The Nervous Mechanism of Plants.