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WHAT ARE METALS AND NONMETALS?
Elements may be classified as either metals or nonmetals, based on their properties. Here's a look at the differences between the metals and nonmetals.

As shown on the periodic table of the elements below, the majority of the chemical elements in pure form are classified as metals. It seems appropriate to describe what is meant by "metal" in general terms. This general description is adapted from Shipman, et al.

Chemical Properties
Metals
Nonmetals
  • Usually have 1-3 electrons in their outer shell.
  • Lose their valence electrons easily.
  • Form oxides that are basic.
  • Are good reducing agents.
  • Have lower electronegativities.
  • Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell.
  • Gain or share valence electrons easily.
  • Form oxides that are acidic.
  • Are good oxidizing agents.
  • Have higher electronegativities.
Physical Properties
Metals
Nonmetals
  • Good electrical conductors and heat conductors.
  • Malleable - can be beaten into thin sheets.
  • Ductile - can be stretched into wire.
  • Possess metallic luster.
  • Opaque as thin sheet.
  • Solid at room temperature (except Hg).
  • Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
  • Brittle - if a solid.
  • Nonductile.
  • Do not possess metallic luster.
  • Transparent as a thin sheet.
  • Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.


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