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what are penultimate and antipenultimate orbitals?
14 elements from atomic number 58 (Cerium) to 71(Lutetium) are called
as Lanthanides and the another 14 elements from atomic number 90
(Thorium) to 103(Lawrencium) are called as Actinides.These 28 elements
are arranged in the 2 series placed below the Modern Periodic Table
and the elements in these 2 series are collectively called as f-block
elements. These elements have outermost three shells incomplete . In
these elements the last or differentiating electron enters in to the
f-orbital of anti-penultimate shell or the 3rd shell from the
outermost shell,Thus the f-orbital is partially filled and hence they
are called as f-block elements.Penultimate shell is the 2nd from the outermost shell.


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