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A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of an area of soil. Its purpose is any or all of the following:-

to conserve moisture

to improve the fertility and health of the soil

to reduce weed growth

to enhance the visual appeal of the area

A mulch is usually but not exclusively organic in nature. It may be permanent (e.g. bark chips) or temporary (e.g. plastic sheeting). It may be applied to bare soil, or around existing plants. Mulches of manure or compost will be incorporated naturally into the soil by the activity of worms and other organisms. The process is used both in commercial crop production and in gardening, and when applied correctly can dramatically improve soil productivity.