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Electrostatic force is the phenomenon that results from slow-moving or stationary electrical charges. It is studied in the scientific discipline known as electrostatics by researchers analysing electromagnetic interaction. Specifically, electrostatic force is the physical reaction that holds together the electromagnetic field created by subatomic particles, such as electrons and protons. In order for electrostatic forces to remain cohesive, these particles need to independently maintain both positive and negative charges and react to each other accordingly. According to the laws of physics, there are four fundamental forces that describe the reactions of particles, one of which is considered electromagnetic force, which results in electrostatic force under certain conditions.

Electrostatic force between electrons and protons is one of the strongest forces in the universe, even more powerful than gravity. A hydrogen atom, which contains only one electron and one proton, has the fundamental force of gravity keeping it together. However, each subatomic particle can develop electrostatic force as well, which becomes even stronger. In physics, the laws state that a magnitude of force must be exerted between the particles that is 1024 stronger than simple gravity. Each atom in the universe in its natural state contains an even amount of protons and electrons, creating a strong presence of electrostatic forces.