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 The space ship may get burned out due to atmospheric friction , so  tiles are  provided   insulate and  to prevent this. When an atmospheric reentry occurs the Space Shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) is needed to  protect the Space Shuttle against a huge  temperature of 1,650 3,000 °F. This job is successfully done by a massive block of tile pieces. A secondary goal was to protect from the heat and cold of space while on orbit. Most of the tiles are made of silica fibers, which are produced from high-grade sand. Silica is an excellent insulator because it transports heat slowly.