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metals and non metals

Most elements are metals. On the periodic table, metals are separated from nonmetals by a zig-zag line stepping through carbon, phosphorus, selenium, iodine and radon. These elements and those to the right of them are nonmetals. Elements just to the left of the line may be termed metalloids or semimetals and have properties intermediate between those of the metals and nonmetals. The physical and chemical properties of the metals and nonmetals may be used to tell them apart.

Chemical Properties

Metals
  1. Usually have 1-3 electrons in their outer shell.
  2. Lose their valence electrons easily.
  3. Form oxides that are basic.
  4. Are good reducing agents.
  5. Have lower electronegativities.

Nonmetals
  1. Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell.
  2. Gain or share valence electrons easily.
  3. Form oxides that are acidic.
  4. Are good oxidizing agents.
  5. Have higher electronegativities.

Physical Properties

Metals
  1. Good electrical conductors and heat conductors.
  2. Malleable - can be beaten into thin sheets.
  3. Ductile - can be stretched into wire.
  4. Possess metallic luster.
  5. Opaque as thin sheet.
  6. Solid at room temperature (except Hg).

Nonmetals
  1. Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
  2. Brittle - if a solid.
  3. Nonductile.
  4. Do not possess metallic luster.
  5. Transparent as a thin sheet.
  6. Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.


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