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why unsaturated carbon compounds have double and triple bond instead of single bond ?

Chemical Bonding of Hydrocarbons:

    Carbon and Hydrogen atoms share an electron pair, forming covalent bonds.One of the special properties of carbon is its ability to form double and triple bonds.

When a hydrocarbon molecule includes one or more double or triple bonds between some of the carbon atoms it is not possible for as many hydrogen atoms to be included in the molecule as when all the bonds are single bonds.
There is a special term used to describe to presence of one or more double or triple bonds in a molecule of an organic compound. That term is "unsaturated"
The concept of "saturation" is very important in organic chemistry because the saturation (or unsaturation) of molecules affects the properties of compounds, including their reactions

Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

An organic chemical compound is said to be "saturated" when it does not contain any double or triple covalent bonds.
That is, saturated organic molecules include only single covalent bonds.

Conversely, unsaturated organic molecules include at least one double or triple covalent bond.


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