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problem 7.16 in text calculate PH of a 1.0*10^-8M solution of Hcl? 2. what is buffer solution explain in detail?
1. pH of 1.0 x 10-8 M solution  of HCl solution.
       We know pH = - log [ H+]
       pH = - log [1.0 x 10-8] = log 1/ [10-8] = log [108]
             =  8 log 10 = 8 x 1 = 8

2.                  Definition of Buffer solution

A buffer solution is one which resists changes in pH when small quantities of an acid or an alkali are added to it.

Acidic buffer solutions

An acidic buffer solution is simply one which has a pH less than 7. Acidic buffer solutions are commonly made from a weak acid and one of its salts - often a sodium salt.

A common example would be a mixture of ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate in solution

Alkaline buffer solutions

An alkaline buffer solution has a pH greater than 7. Alkaline buffer solutions are commonly made from a weak base and one of its salts.

A frequently used example is a mixture of ammonia solution and ammonium chloride solution.


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