Mars is smaller than earth with less gravity. It also has a very thin CO2 atmosphere where Earth has a Nitrogen-Oxygen atmosphere that is much thicker. Mars is also very cold while Earth is warm.
Earth is almost twice the diameter of Mars.
- Nearly 70% of Earth's surface is liquid water, while Mars has none.
- The sun warms the Earth to more the 100oF; on Mars the temperature barely goes above the freezing mark.
- Earth has an atmosphere breathable by humans. Mars has virtually none, and it is composed almost entirely of toxic gases.
- IIRC, Mars is about 1 1/2 time farther from the sun than Earth; and is about 1/2 the size, and 3/4 the density.
- Its surface is largely iron oxide, which gives it its reddish color. There is no liquid water (there is ice at the poles). Because is it has a much thinner atmosphere, and is farther from the sun, it is much colder.
- Astronomers speculate that Mars was once much closer to the sun and was more "earthlike," but gradually moved farther away, resulting in its present state.
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