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What is bonging in the chapter Carbon and its Compounds?????
There are three basic ways in which chemical combination occurs
(i) ionic or electrovalent bond
(ii)covalent bond
 (iii) coordinate bond
Ionic or electrovalent bonds are formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another.Sodium chloride is a typical compound formed in this way .Here the sodium atom (2,8,1) transfers its excess electron to chlorine atom (2,8,7)and thus both attain a stable noble gas configuration .Sodium acquires the electron configuration of neon (2,8) and becomes positively charged ..Chlorine acquires the electron configuration of argon(2,8,8 ) and becomes negatively charged .These oppositely charged ions are held together by electrostatic force of attraction .This type of bonds is commonly found in inorganic compounds .

Covalent bond   : Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons .This type of bond  unites two atoms both of which are short of electrons .The two atoms contribute one electron each and then share the resulting pair of electrons .Hydrogen is the simplest compound formed in this way .

Coordinate bond  :  Coordinate bond is formed by mutual sharing of electrons but in this case the two electrons that are shared come from the same atom .
 bonding in carbon  compounds
The atomic number of carbon is '6' .It has four electrons in the last orbit and tends to gain four more electrons by forming four covalent bonds with other hydrogen atoms .

Carbon-carbon single bond,carbon-carbon double bond and carbon -carbon triple bond are the three types of bonding  .
Carbon -Carbon single bond :  Sigma bond is formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms .It is depicted by a single line between the two atoms .It is the most stable because it has a lower level of reactivity .
 This happens when a single  lobe of  one orbital overlaps with a single lobe of another .
Example  : Ethane ,propane

Carbon -Carbon double bond  :These are formed when two electron pairs are shared between two atoms . It is depicted by a double line between the two atoms .This happens when two lobes of one involved atomic orbital overlaps with a two lobes of other involved atomic orbital .These bonds are weaker than sigma bonds .
Example  :  Ethylene

Carbon-carbon triple bond  :   These are formed when three electron pairs which are shared between two bonded atoms .These are much weaker than sigma and pi bonds .
Example  :  Acetylene



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