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1.list some of the archaeological sources which are used as a historical source material to provide us information about medieval period in 3 or 4 sentences 2. discuss the literary sources used to study the medieval indian history 3.write the different names by which india has been known in the past 4.do archaeologists study history by studying literary sources 5.which is the land of aryas 6.which is the word derived from the word indus 7.term given in south-east asian countries in ancient literature 8.what is the name of the sea which was a part of the silk route 9.writings engraved on the stone are called ------------- 10.compare the medieval period in india and europe
1.  Archaeological Sources : Inscriptions and seals of Harsha’s period are important archaeological sources. Inscriptions Banskhera is situated in the Shahjahanpur district of Uttar Pradesrr. An inscription dated AD 628 was found here in 1894. This inscription gives a lot of informa tion regarding Harsha. The inscription says that Harsha had granted Markatsagar village to two brahmans-Balachandra and Bhattaswami. This also speaks of the victory of Rajyavardhana over the Malwa king Devagupta and the murder of Devagupta by Sasanka.Madhuban is situated in Ghoshi tehsil of Ajamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh. A Harsha inscription dated AD 631 has been found here. It mentions the grant of Somkunda village by Harsha.
The Aihole inscription of the Chalukya king Pulakesin II is dated AD 633-34. The inscription deals with the war between Harshavardhana and Pulakesin II. The inscription was written by Ravi Kirti, a court poet of Pulakesin. Seals Two seals of Harsha have been found in Nalanda (Bihar) and Sonepat. One is of clay, while the other is of copper. These seals contain the names of all the kings, from Rajyavardhana I to Harshavardhana, of the Vardhana dy nasty. It is the Sonepat seal which gives Harshavardhana as the full name of Harsha.

2.  Literary Sources :  Contemporary writings: It is possible to gather so many information from the writings of the contemporary chroniclers. The famous Arab scholar Al Beruni wrote chronicle called ‘An Enquiry into India’. It dealt with the affairs of India when Sultan Mahmud invaded India. Another important work called Tabaqut-i-Nasiri was written by Minhaj-ud-din Siraj. It narrates the story of Muslim India up to sixties of the thirteenth century. Similarly Ziauddin Barauni in his work Tarik-i-Firoj-Shahi took up the story from where Minhaj-ud-din ends (from the reign of Balban to that of Firuz Shah Tughlug). Other contemporary chronicles include the works of Amir Khashru, Fatuah-i-Firoz Shahi, by the Sultan himself and Fatuah-us-Salatin by lsami. Regarding the source materials of the Mughal period the most remarkable works are the Akbarnama and Ain-i-Akbari by Abdul Fazal. Besides, Khafi Khan’s Muntakhab­-ul-lubab, Badauni’s Muntakhab-ul-towarikh, Nizamuddin Ahmed’s Tabqaut-i-Akbari have proved to be worthy source materials for different phases of Mughal rule.

3. The ancient names of India were Aja Nabha Varsha, Bharata, Hindusthan, India, Aryavarta, Jambu Dweepa, Bharat Varsha

5. The most well known place known as the Land of the Aryans is Iran. (Iran literally means Land of the Aryans.The people called the Ossetians (who live in what is today part of Russia and Georgia) call their home Iron. Which is a variation of Iran. This name also literally mean Land of the Aryans. Genetic studies done on the Ossetians show a kinship to Iranians -- Irani -- and thus support that they are indeed primarily of Aryan stock (and not Caucasians or some other people who simply took on an Aryan Language. Although the people of Republic of Azerbaijan speak a Turkic Language, history and genetic studies show that they are Aryans (and kindred to the Iranians and the other Aryans). Before their culture was changed from their original Aryan culture, they called their land Aran. (Which also is a variation of Iran.) This name too literally means Land of the Aryans. (Before having their culture changed, these people called themselves Arani.) The ancient people know as the Alans (or more correctly as the Alani) are believed to have called their territory Alan. (Which too is a variation of Iran.) This name also literally mean Land of the Aryans.

8.  East China Sea Silk Route and the South China Sea Silk Route .

9. Inscription.

10. The medieval period of Europe was a dark period. In Europe, general life expectancy was less and people were poor. Their houses did not had any rooms and the whole family lived in the hall (as their was no concept of rooms). Their was no knowledge about flooring and hence people slept on dry grass. In most parts of Europe, sun sets earlier, so people heavily used candles. This led to poor eyesight very early in age. In London, women were mainly into two kinds of jobs, viz. industrial labour or prostitution. Their was a lack of sanitation, even in the Royal family. It is revealed from the diaries of doctors of queens that they suffered from skin diseases. It was primiarily due to the fact that they bathed in the same water for 4-5 times.
On the other hand, India was a stark contrast as that of Europe. It was thriving under the Guptas and later The Mughals. It has great centres of learning in Taxshila and Nalanda. People came from as far as central asia to impart education here. Trade relations went to as far as mesopotamia and Atlantic countries. Artisans had a good time at Court. Some of the greatest scholars Kalidasa and Baan were characteristic of this period. A lot of work was done in the area of Mathematics and Medicine. Patliputra, Delhi and Vijaynagar were its greatest cities.
But at the time of Renaissance, European nations started to send missions with the aim of naval explorations. Knowledge from newly found lands started pouring into Europe. Slowly it triggered Scientific Revolution and development.


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