There are 18 major languages spoken in India and over 1600 regional dialects. Even though Hindi is the official language, many people in India do not speak it at all. Hindi is spoken by about half the population, mostly in North India. Most languages have their own script. Some of the major languages are Hindi, English, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.
English is the second major language spoken in India and is used for much of the official business. It is the official language of the judiciary. Many people prefer to use English as a common language over Hindi. English is the first language for many people, especially in the big cities. A large percentage of people in India can speak and read English.
Each state in the South has its own language—Tamil in Tamil Nadu; Telegu in Andhra Pradesh; Kanada in Karnataka; and Malayalam in Kerala.
The following table lists the official languages, aside from English, set out in the eighth schedule as of May 2008: |
Assamese/Axomiya | Indo-Aryan, Eastern | 13 | Assam, Arunachal Pradesh | Bengali | Indo-Aryan, Eastern | 83 | West Bengal, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands | Bodo | Tibeto-Burman | 1.4 | Assam | Dogri | Indo-Aryan, Northwestern | 2.3 | Jammu and Kashmir | Gujarati | Indo-Aryan, Western | 46 | Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat | Hindi | Indo-Aryan, Central | 258–422 | Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, the national capital territory of Delhi,Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand | Kannada | Dravidian | 38 | Karnataka | Kashmiri | Indo-Aryan, Dardic | 5.5 | Jammu and Kashmir | Konkani | Indo-Aryan, Southern | 2.5–7.6[27] | Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala | Maithili | Indo-Aryan, Eastern | 12–32[28] | Bihar | Malayalam | Dravidian | 33 | Kerala, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Pondicherry | Manipuri (alsoMeitei or Meithei) | Tibeto-Burman | 1.5 | Manipur | Marathi | Indo-Aryan, Southern | 72 | Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Madhya Pradesh | Nepali | Indo-Aryan, Northern | 2.9 | Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam | Oriya | Indo-Aryan, Eastern | 33 | Orissa | Punjabi | Indo-Aryan, Northwestern | 29 | Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab | Sanskrit | Indo-Aryan | 0.01 | non-regional | Santhali | Munda | 6.5 | Santhal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the states of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa) | Sindhi | Indo-Aryan, Northwestern | 2.5 | non-regional | Tamil | Dravidian | 61 | Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Pondicherry | Telugu | Dravidian | 74 | Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry | Urdu | Indo-Aryan, Central | 52 | Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand | Chart: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_India
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