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how many languages are spoken in India?

There are 18 major languages spoken in India and over 1600 regional dialects. Even though Hindi is the official language, many people in India do not speak it at all. Hindi is spoken by about half the population, mostly in North India. Most languages have their own script. Some of the major languages are Hindi, English, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.

English is the second major language spoken in India and is used for much of the official business. It is the official language of the judiciary. Many people prefer to use English as a common language over Hindi. English is the first language for many people, especially in the big cities. A large percentage of people in India can speak and read English.

Each state in the South has its own language—Tamil in Tamil Nadu; Telegu in Andhra Pradesh; Kanada in Karnataka; and Malayalam in Kerala.

The following table lists the official languages, aside from English, set out in the eighth schedule as of May 2008:

LanguageFamilySpeakers
(in millions, 2001)
State(s)
Assamese/AxomiyaIndo-Aryan, Eastern13Assam, Arunachal Pradesh
BengaliIndo-Aryan, Eastern83West Bengal, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
BodoTibeto-Burman1.4Assam
DogriIndo-Aryan, Northwestern2.3Jammu and Kashmir
GujaratiIndo-Aryan, Western46Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat
HindiIndo-Aryan, Central258–422Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, the national capital territory of Delhi,Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand
KannadaDravidian38Karnataka
KashmiriIndo-Aryan, Dardic5.5Jammu and Kashmir
KonkaniIndo-Aryan, Southern2.5–7.6[27]Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Kerala
MaithiliIndo-Aryan, Eastern12–32[28]Bihar
MalayalamDravidian33Kerala, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Pondicherry
Manipuri (alsoMeitei or Meithei)Tibeto-Burman1.5Manipur
MarathiIndo-Aryan, Southern72Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Madhya Pradesh
NepaliIndo-Aryan, Northern2.9Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam
OriyaIndo-Aryan, Eastern33Orissa
PunjabiIndo-Aryan, Northwestern29Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab
SanskritIndo-Aryan0.01non-regional
SanthaliMunda6.5Santhal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the states of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa)
SindhiIndo-Aryan, Northwestern2.5non-regional
TamilDravidian61Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Pondicherry
TeluguDravidian74Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry
UrduIndo-Aryan, Central52Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand
Chart: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_India




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