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what is mechanical advantage?

The ratio of the load to the effort is called the mechanical adventage of the machine,i.e.,

Mechanical advantage (M.A.) = Load (L) / Effort (E)
A machine is said to have the mechanical advantage equal to one if the effort needed is equal to the load.A machine having the mechanical advantage greater than one,works as a force multiplier,while the machine having the mechanical advantage equal to one ,is generally used to change the direction of effort as there is no gain in force or speed.
Since mechanical advantage is the ratio of two similar quantities,so it has no unit.