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what are the active and passive form of present past and future tenses?

Active Voice:

When the subject of a verb performs an action the verb is said to be in the active

voice. The effect of the action may or may not fall on an object, that is, the verb may

or may not have an object.

Examples:

1.      The boy kicked the ball.

2.      The girl cries.

In the first sentence, ‘kicked’ is the verb or the action; the ‘boy’ is the subject or the

‘doer’ who performs that action; and the ‘ball’ is the object on whom the effect of

that action is directed.

In the second sentence, ‘cries’ is the verb or the action; and the ‘girl’ is the subject or

the doer of that action. There is no object because the effect of the girl’s crying cannot

be directed at another object.

Passive Voice:

When the object of a verb appears to perform an action so that the effect of that

action appears to fall on the subject the verb is said to be in the passive voice.

Examples:

1.      The work was completed on time.

2.      The song was sung beautifully by the singer.

#  A sentence in the active voice can be converted to form a sentence in the passive

voice.

Examples:

1.      A film was watched by us.

2.      A kite was flown by me.

Rules for changing voice:

• Only sentences containing transitive verbs can be changed from the active voice

to the passive voice. A subject—that is, a ‘doer’ of the action—is required to

change a sentence from the passive to the active voice.

Examples:

1.      My mother cut the fruit.

2.      The fruit was cut by my mother.

Here, the object ‘fruit’ is acted upon by the doer ‘mother’.

• For the simple present tense use am, is or are with a past participle to form the

passive voice.

Active voice                                                    Passive voice

The caretaker locks the door.              The doors are locked by the caretaker.

The waiter carries the trays.                The trays are carried by the waiter.

• For the simple past tense, use was or were with a past participle to form the

passive voice.

Active voice                                                    Passive voice

Dad drove us home.                            We were driven home by Dad.

He caught the ball.                              The ball was caught by him.

• For the present continuous tense, use am, is or are with being followed by a

past participle, to form the passive voice.

Active voice                                        Passive voice

The waves are washing away              The sandcastle is being washed

the sandcastle.                                     away by the waves.

She is working on the computer.        The computer is being worked upon by her.

• For the past continuous tense, use was or were with being, followed by a past

participle, to form the passive voice.

Active voice                                        Passive voice

Jimmy was making our costumes.       Our costumes were being made by Jimmy.

She was reading a book.                     The book was being read by her.

• For the future tense, use shall or will with be, followed by a past participle, to

form the passive voice.

Active voice                                        Passive voice

The choir will sing the next hymn.      The next hymn will be sung by the choir.

We will celebrate her birthday.           Her birthday will be celebrated by us.

• For the present perfect tense, use have or has with been, followed by a past

participle, to form the passive voice.

Active voice                                        Passive voice

Ali has scored two goals.                    Two goals have been scored by Ali.

I have seen that movie.                       That movie has been seen by me.3

• For the past tense, use had with been, followed by a part participle, to form the

passive voice.

Active voice                                        Passive voice

The hunter had caught a fox.              A fox had been caught by the hunter.

Sheila had given a gift to Rina.          A gift had been given to Rina by Sheila.