DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
PRESENT TENSE |
PRESENT SIMPLE changes into PAST SIMPLE |
He said, “I write a letter”
She said, “he goes to school daily”
They said, “we love our country”
He said, “he does not like computer” | He said that he wrote a letter.
He said that she went to school daily.
They said that they loved their country He said that he did not like computer. |
PRESENT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST CONTINUOUS |
He said, “he is listening to the music”
She said, “I am washing my clothes”
They said, “we are enjoying the weather”
I said, “it is raining”
She said, “I am not laughing” | He said that he was listening to the music.
She said that she was washing her clothes.
They said that they were not enjoying the weather.
She said that she was not laughing. |
PRESENT PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT |
She said, “he has finished his work”
He said, “I have started a job”
I said, “she have eaten the meal”
They said, “we have not gone to New York. | She said that he had finished his work.
He said that he had started a job.
I said that she had eaten the meal. They said that they had not gone to New York. |
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
He said, “I have been studying since 3 O’clock”
She said, “It has been raining for three days.”
I said, “She has been working in this office since 2007” | He said that he had been studying since 3 O’clock.
She said that it been raining for three days.
I said that she had been working in this office since 2007. |
PAST TENSE |
PAST SIMPLE changes into PAST PERFECT |
He said to me, “you answered correctly”
John said, “they went to cinema”
He said, “I made a table”
She said, “I didn’t buy a car” | He said to me that I had answered correctly.
John said that they had gone to cinema.
He said that he had made a table. She said that she had not bought a car. |
PAST CONTINUOUS changes into PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
They said, “we were enjoying the weather”
He said to me, “ I was waiting for you”
I said, “It was raining”
She said, “I was not laughing” | They said that they had been enjoying.
He said to me that he had been waiting for me.
I said that it had been raining.
She said that she not been laughing. |
PAST PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT (tense does not change) |
She said, “She had visited a doctor”
He said, “I had started a business”
I said, “she had eaten the meal”
They said, “we had not gone to New York. | She said that she had visited a doctor.
He said that he had started a business.
I said that she had eaten the meal.
They said they had not gone to New York. |
FUTURE TENSE |
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
WILL changes into WOULD |
He said, “I will study the book”
She said, “I will buy a computer”
They said to me, “we will send you gifts”
I said, “I will not take the exam” | He said that he would study the book.
She said that she would buy a computer.
They said to me that they would send you gifts. I said that I would not take the exam. |
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
WILL BE changes into WOULD BE |
I said to him, “ I will be waiting for him”
She said,” I will be shifting to new home”
He said, “I will be working hard”
He said, “he will not be flying kite” | I said to him that I would be waiting for him.
She said that she would be shifting to a new home.
He said that he would be working hard.
She said that he would not be flying kites. |
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
WILL HAVE changes into WOULD HAVE |
He said, “I will have finished the work”
She said, “they will have passed the examination”
He said, “I will have gone” | He said that he would have finished the work.
She said that they would have passed the examination.
He said that he would have gone. |
