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Short Sight & Long Sight
Myopia is the term used to define short sightedness. Light
from a distant object forms an image before it reaches the retina. This could
be because the eye is too long, or the cornea or crystalline lens is too
strong.
A myopic person has clear vision when looking at
objects close to them, but distant objects will appear blurred.
Hypermetropia means long sight and is where the
image of a nearby object is formed behind the retina. This could be because the
eye is too short, or the cornea or crystalline lens does not refract the light
enough.
A hypermetropic person may have blurred vision when
looking at objects close to them, and clearer vision when looking at objects in
the distance. By placing a convex (plus powered) lens in front of a
hypermetropic eye, the image is moved forward and focuses correctly on the
retina.
neurological Disorders
Cerebral palsy is an example of a neurological disorder that affects children due to non-specific brain injury. While this condition usually manifests as a neonatal birth defect, it can also occur after birth. Cerebral palsy was once classified as a non-progressive disease. However, it is now recognized as a neurological disorder that represents a group of related conditions.
Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder that is also an autoimmune disorder. It is also progressive. In fact, persistent attacks on the nerve cells of the brain and spine over time can lead do serious disabilities, not to mention chronic pain. Unfortunately, the cause of this disease is unknown, as is its cure.
While not formerly classified as such, some mental illnesses are thought to be neurological disorders, at least in terms of being related to an imbalance of brain chemicals involved in neurotransmission. For example, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder fall into this category since they are both suspected of being biological in origin. Other types of neurological disorders stem from metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. In fact, peripheral neuropathy in the legs and feet is very common in patients with type II diabetes. This condition is also progressive and sometimes leads to loss of mobility or even amputation.