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South India
South India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Telangana as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area (635780 km² or 245476.030 mi²). South India is frequently referred to as the Hindu heartland of India by prominent travel guides.[2][3][4]
South India lies in the peninsular Deccan Plateau and is bounded by the Arabian Sea in the west, the Indian Ocean in the south and the Bay of Bengal in the east. The geography of the region is diverse, encompassing two mountain ranges, the Western and Eastern Ghats, and a plateau heartland. The Godavari, Krishna, Tungabhadra, Kaveri, and Vaigairivers are important non-perennial sources of water. Bengaluru, Chennai and Hyderabadare the largest and most industrialised cities in the region. Chennai is termed as Gateway of South India, being one of the largest metropolitan cities in India.
A majority of Indians from the southern region speak one of the languages: Kannada,Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu. During its history, a number of dynastic kingdoms ruled over parts of South India whose invasions across southern and southeastern Asia impacted the history and cultures of modern sovereign states such as Sri Lanka, Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. The region was colonized by Britain and gradually incorporated into the British Empire
Chennai
Chennai is also known as Chennapattanam. The town grew around Fort St. George, which was built by English in 1639.[13]
The name Madras originated even before the British presence was established in India.[14]
Multiple explanations attempt to account for the city's colonial name, Madras:
- allegedly derived from Madraspattinam, a fishing-village north of Fort St. George.[15] However, it is uncertain whether the name 'Madraspattinam' was in use before the arrival of European influence.[16]
- the military mapmakers believed Madras was originally Mundir-raj, or abbreviatedly, Mundiraj.[17]
- other arguments suggest that the Portuguese, who arrived in the area in the 16th century, named the village Madre de Deus, meaning Mother of God
- another possibility sees the village's name coming from the prominent Madeiros family of Portuguese origin, which consecrated theMadre de Deus Church in the Santhome locality of Chennai in 1575
- another theory concludes that the name Madras was given to Chennapattanam after it was taken from a similarly named Christian priest[18]
- other parties express the opinion that Madras might have taken its name from a fisherman by the name of Madrasan
- from religious Muslim schools, referred to as Madrasahs
- from the word Madhu-ras, which means "honey" in Sanskrit.[19]
In 1996 the state government officially changed the name to Chennai. At that time many Indian cities underwent a change of name.[19][20] However, the name Madras continues in occasional use for the city,[21] as well as for places named after the city, such as the University of Madras and The Indian Institute of Technology, Madras.
Chennai
Chennai 
i/?t??na?/ (formerly Madras i/m??dr??s/) is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is the biggest industrial and commercial centre in South India,[6] and a major cultural, economic and educational centre. Chennai is known as the "Detroit of India" for its automobile industry.[7]
As of 30 January 2014, the city had 8.6 million residents, making it the fourth most populous city in India. The area of Chennai was expanded in 2011 from 176 Sq Km to 426 Sq Km. The urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, is home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan areain the country and 31st largest urban area in the world.
Ruskin Bond
Most of his works are influenced by life in the hill stations at the foothills of the Himalayas, where he spent his childhood. His first novel,The Room On the Roof, was written when he was 17 and published when he was 21. It was partly based on his experiences at Dehradun, in his small rented room on the roof, and his friends. Since then he has written over three hundred short stories, essays and novels, including Vagrants in The Valley, The Blue Umbrella, Funny Side Up, A Flight of Pigeons and more than 30 books for children. He has also published two volumes of autobiography. Scenes from a Writer's Life describes his formative years growing up in Anglo-India; The Lamp is Lit is a collection of essays and episodes from his journal.
Bond said that while his autobiographical work, Rain in the Mountains, was about his years spent in Mussoorie, Scenes from a Writer's Life described his first 21 years. Scenes from a Writer's Life focuses on Bond's trip to England, his struggle to find a publisher for his first book The Room on the Roof and his yearning to come back to India, particularly to Doon. "It also tells a lot about my parents", said Bond. "The book ends with the publication of my first novel and my decision to make writing my livelihood", Bond said, adding: "Basically, it describes how I became a writer".
His novel, The Flight of Pigeons, has been adapted into the film Junoon. The Room on the Roof has been adapted into a BBC-produced TV series. Several stories have been incorporated in the school curriculum in India, including "The Night Train at Deoli", "Time Stops at Shamli" and Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra. In 2007, the Bollywood director Vishal Bhardwaj made a film based on his popular novel for children, The Blue Umbrella. The movie won the National Award for Best Children's film.
Ruskin Bond
Ruskin Bond (born 19 May 1934) is an Indian author of British descent.
The Indian Council for Child Education recognised his pioneering role in the growth of children's literature in India, and awarded him the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1992 for Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra, given by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Literature. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1999 and Padma Bhushan in 2014. He now lives with his adopted family in Landour, in Mussoorie.
WILLIAM PARKES
Parks was born in Shropshire, England on May 23, 1699.[1] He was first a printer and newspaper publisher in England,[5] where he maintained printing houses at Ludlow,Hereford and Reading.[6] In Ludlow, Parks published the Ludlow Post-Man starting in 1719. In 1721 he moved to Hereford where he published two books. In July of 1723 Parks operated a printing business in Reading, where he published The Reading Mercury with one D. Kinnier
The Capital
The Capital is a daily newspaper published in Annapolis, Maryland, since 1884. Its sister newspaper, The Gazette, is one of the oldest newspapers in America, its origins dating back to the early 18th century. The Capital serves the city of Annapolis, much of Anne Arundel County, and neighboring Kent Island in Queen Anne's County. It is an evening newspaper during the week and offers morning delivery on the weekend.
thought
"""The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn... and change."""
metalloid
A metalloid is a chemical element that has properties in between those of metals and nonmetals
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) was one of the first people to observe microorganisms, using microscopes of his own design.[29] Robert Hooke, a contemporary of Leeuwenhoek, also used microscopes to observe microbial life; his 1665 book Micrographia describes these observations and coined the term cell
microorganisms
Single-celled microorganisms were the first forms of life to develop on Earth, approximately 3–4 billion years ago.[13][14][15] Further evolution was slow,[16] and for about 3 billion years in the Precambrian eon, all organisms were microscopic.[17] So, for most of the history of life on Earth the only forms of life were microorganisms.[18] Bacteria, algae and fungi have been identified in amber that is 220 million years old, which shows that the morphology of microorganisms has changed little since the Triassic period.[19] The newly discovered biological role played by nickel, however — especially that engendered by volcanic eruptions from the Siberian Traps (site of the modern city of Norilsk) — is thought to have accelerated the evolution of methanogens towards the end of the Permian–Triassic extinction event.[20]