| Thomas Edison | |
|---|---|
"Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration."
– Thomas Alva Edison, Harper's Monthly (September 1932 edition) |
|
| Born | Thomas Alva Edison February 11, 1847 Milan, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | October 18, 1931 (aged 84) West Orange, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | School dropout |
| Occupation | Inventor, businessman |
| Religion | Deist |
| Spouse(s) |
Mary Stilwell (m. 1871–1884) |
| Children | Marion Estelle Edison (1873–1965) Thomas Alva Edison Jr. (1876–1935) William Leslie Edison (1878–1937) Madeleine Edison (1888–1979) Charles Edison (1890–1969) Theodore Miller Edison (1898–1992) |
| Parents | Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr. (1804–1896) Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871) |
| Relatives | Lewis Miller (father-in-law) |
| Signature | |

In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of the stem.
Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormant condition, or
it may form a shoot immediately. Buds may be specialized to develop
flowers or short shoots, or may have the potential for general shoot
development. The term bud is also used in zoology, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which can develop into a new individual.
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants.[1][2]
Typically a leaf is a thin, flattened organ borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis, but many types of leaves are adapted in ways almost unrecognisable in those terms: some are not flat (for example many succulent leaves and conifers), some are not above ground (such as bulb scales), and some are without major photosynthetic function (consider for example cataphylls, spines, and cotyledons).
Conversely, many structures of non-vascular plants, or even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), do look and function much like leaves. Furthermore, several structures found in vascular plants look like leaves but are not actually leaves; they differ from leaves in their structures and origins. Examples include phyllodes, cladodes, and phylloclades.[2]
| Antoine Lavoisier | |
|---|---|
Line engraving by Louis Jean Desire Delaistre, after a design by Julien Leopold Boilly |
|
| Born | 26 August 1743 Paris, France |
| Died | 8 May 1794 (aged 50) Paris, France |
| Fields | biologist, chemist |
| Influences | Guillaume-François Rouelle |
| Signature | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Gymnophiona |
| Family: | Chikilidae |
| Genus: | Chikila Kamei et al. (online, 2012) |
| Species: | Chikila fulleri (Alcock, 1904) Kamei et al. 2012 |