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Maths Tricks
Multiply Up to 20X20 In Your
Head
In just FIVE
minutes you should learn to quickly multiply up to 20x20 in your head. With this trick, you will be able to multiply any two numbers from 11
to 19 in your head quickly, without the use of a calculator.
I will assume that
you know your multiplication table reasonably well up to 10x10.
Try this:
·
Take 15 x 13 for an example.
·
Always place the larger number of the two on top in
your mind.
·
Then draw the shape of Africa mentally so it covers
the 15 and the 3 from the 13 below. Those covered numbers are all you need.
·
First add 15 + 3 = 18
·
Add a zero behind it (multiply by 10) to get 180.
·
Multiply the covered lower 3 x the single digit
above it the "5" (3x5= 15)
·
Add 180 + 15 = 195.
The 11 Rule
You likely all
know the 10 rule (to multiply by 10, just add a 0 behind the number) but do you
know the 11 rule? It is as easy! You should be able to do this one in you head
for any two digit number. Practice it on paper first!
To multiply any
two digit number by 11:
·
For this example we will use 54.
·
Separate the two digits in you mind (5__4).
·
Notice the hole between them!
·
Add the 5 and the 4 together (5+4=9)
·
Put the resulting 9 in the hole 594. That's it! 11
x 54=594
The only thing
tricky to remember is that if the result of the addition is greater than 9, you
only put the "ones" digit in the hole and carry the "tens"
digit from the addition. For example 11 x 57 ... 5__7 ... 5+7=12 ... put the 2
in the hole and add the 1 from the 12 to the 5 in to get 6 for a result of 627
... 11 x 57 = 627
Square a 2 Digit Number Ending
in 5
For this example
we will use 25
·
Take the "tens" part of the number (the 2
and add 1)=3
·
Multiply the original "tens" part of the
number by the new number (2x3)
·
Take the result (2x3=6) and put 25 behind it.
Result the answer 625.
Try a few more 75 squared ... = 7x8=56 ... put 25
behind it is 5625.
55 squared = 5x6=30 ... put 25 behind it ... is 3025. Another easy one!
Practice it on paper first!
Squaring Two-Digit Numbers Quickly
First, determine the closest number to your number that ends in a
zero. In this example, the number is 20.
Next, determine the difference between your number and the closest number
with the zero. In this case, it will be (23 – 20) = 3.
Add the result to your number (23 + 3 = 26). Now, multiply the number
with the zero by the sum of your number and the difference you determined:
20 x 26 = 520
Now square the difference you determined before, and add it to the result
above:
(3 x 3) + 520 = 529
The Square of 25
Closest zero number: 20 (note – 30 will also work in this example)
Difference: 25 – 20 = 5
Sum: 25 + 5 = 30
Answer: (5 x 5) + (20 x 30) = 25 + 600 = 625
The Square of 37
Closest zero number: 40
Difference: 37 – 40 = -3
Sum: 37 + -3 = 34
Answer: (-3 x -3) + (40 x 34) = 9 + 1360 = 1369
The Square of 81
Closest zero number: 80
Difference: 81 – 80 = 1
Sum: 81 + 1 = 82
Answer: (1 x 1) + (80 x 82) = 1 + 6400 + 160 = 6561
Noticed how I broke down the (80 x 82) into (80 x 80) + (2 x 80)!
The Square of 12
Closest zero number: 10
Difference: 12 – 10 = 2
Sum: 12 + 2 = 14
Answer: (2 x 2) + (14 x 10) = 4 + 140 = 144
Multiply By 4
To quickly
multiply by four, double the number and then double it again.
Often this can be
done in your head.
Multiply By 5
To quickly
multiply by 5, divide the number in two and then multiply it by 10. Often
this can be done quickly in your head.
The 11 Rule Expanded
You can directly
write down the answer to any number multiplied by 11.
·
Take for example the number 51236 X 11.
·
First, write down the number with a zero in front
of it.
051236
The zero is
necessary so that the rules are simpler.
·
Draw a line under the number.
·
Bear with me on this one. It is simple if you work
through it slowly. To do this, all you have to do this is "Add the
neighbour". Look at the 6 in the "units" position of the number.
Since there is no number to the right of it, you can't add to its
"neighbour" so just write down 6 below the 6 in the units col.
·
For the "tens" place, add the 3 to the
its "neighbour" (the 6). Write the answer: 9 below the 3.
·
For the "hundreds" place, add the 2 to
the its "neighbour" (the 3). Write the answer: 5 below the 2.
·
For the "thousands" place, add the 1 to
the its "neighbour" (the 2). Write the answer: 3 below the 1.
·
For the "ten-thousands" place, add the 5
to the its "neighbour" (the 1). Write the answer: 6 below the 5.
·
For the "hundred-thousands" place, add
the 0 to the its "neighbour" (the 5). Write the answer: 5 below the
0.
That's it ... 11 X 051236 = 563596
VICTORY DAY (BANGLADESH)
Victory Day (Bengali: ????? ???? Bijôy Dibôs) is a national holiday in Bangladesh celebrated on December 16 to commemorate the victory of the Allied forces High Command over the Pakistani forces in the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The Commanding officer of the Pakistani Forces General AAK Niazi surrendered his forces to the Allied forces commander Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora, which marked ending the 9 month-long Bangladesh Liberation War and 1971 Bangladesh genocide and officially secession of East Pakistan into Bangladesh.
The celebration of Victory Day has taken place since 1972. The Bangladesh Liberation War became a topic of great importance in cinema, literature, history lessons at school, the mass media, and the arts in Bangladesh. The ritual of the celebration gradually obtained a distinctive character with a number of similar elements: Military Parade by Bangladesh Armed Forces at the National Parade Ground, ceremonial meetings, speeches, lectures, receptions and fireworks. Victory Day in Bangladesh is a joyous celebration in which popular culture plays a great role. TV and radio stations broadcast special programs and patriotic songs. The main streets are decorated with national flags. Different political parties and socio-economic organizations undertake programs to mark the day in a befitting manner, including the paying of respects at Jatiyo Smriti Soudho, the national memorial at Savar near Dhaka.
- 1971: State Bank of Pakistan became Bangladesh Bank .
- 1972: The constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was enacted on 16 December.
- 1973: Gallantry awards of war were declared by Bangladesh Gazzett on 15 December.
- 1996: Silver jubilee of victory was celebrated.
- 2007: The remains of Bir Sreshtho Matiur Rahman were brought back to Bangladesh on 10 December.
HAPPY VICTORY DAY!
bad effects of smoking
The health effects of smoking are the circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health. Epidemiological research has been focused primarily on cigarette tobacco smoking,[1] which has been studied more extensively than any other form of consumption.[2]
Tobacco is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally.[3] Tobacco use leads most commonly to diseases affecting the heart, liver and lungs, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (including emphysema and chronic bronchitis), andcancer (particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and mouth, and pancreatic cancer). It also causes peripheral vascular disease and hypertension. The effects depend on the number of years that a person smokes and on how much the person smokes. Starting smoking earlier in life and smoking cigarettes higher in tarincreases the risk of these diseases. Also, environmental tobacco smoke, or secondhand smoke, has been shown to cause adverse health effects in people of all ages.[4] Cigarettes sold in underdeveloped countries tend to have higher tar content, and are less likely to be filtered, potentially increasing vulnerability to tobacco-related disease in these regions.[5]
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that tobacco caused 5.4 million deaths in 2004[6] and 100 million deaths over the course of the 20th century.[7]Similarly, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes tobacco use as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide."[8] Several countries have taken measures to control the consumption of tobacco with usage and sales restrictions as well as warning messages printed on packaging.
Smoke contains several carcinogenic pyrolytic products that bind to DNA and cause many genetic mutations. There are 45 known or suspected chemicalcarcinogens in cigarette smoke.[9] Tobacco also contains nicotine, which is a highly addictive psychoactive drug. When tobacco is smoked, nicotine causes physical and psychological dependency. Tobacco use is a significant factor in miscarriages among pregnant smokers, and it contributes to a number of other threats to the health of the fetus such as premature births and low birth weight and increases by 1.4 to 3 times the chance for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).[10] The result of scientific studies done in neonatal rats seems to indicate that exposure to cigarette smoke in the womb may reduce the fetal brain's ability to recognize hypoxic conditions, thus increasing the chance of accidental asphyxiation.[11] Incidence of impotence is approximately 85 percent higher in male smokers compared to non-smokers,[12] and is a key factor causing erectile dysfunction (ED).[12][13][14]
Health effects[edit]
Tobacco use most commonly leads to diseases affecting the heart and lungs and will most commonly affect areas such as hands or feet with first signs of smoking related health issues showing up as numbness, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, and cancer, particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and mouth, and pancreatic cancer.[30] Overall life expectancy is also reduced in long term smokers, with estimates ranging from 10[26] to 17.9.[31] years fewer than nonsmokers.[32] About one half of long term male smokers will die of illness due to smoking.[33] The association of smoking with lung cancer is strongest, both in the public perception and etiologically. Among male smokers, the lifetime risk of developing lung cancer is 17.2%; among female smokers, the risk is 11.6%. This risk is significantly lower in nonsmokers: 1.3% in men and 1.4% in women.[34] If one looks at men who continue to smoke tobacco, the risk increases to one in six.[34] Historically, lung cancer was considered to be a rare disease prior to World War I and was perceived as something most physicians would never see during their career. With the postwar rise in popularity of cigarette smoking came a virtual epidemic of lung cancer.[18][35]
A person's increased risk of contracting disease is directly proportional to the length of time that a person continues to smoke as well as the amount smoked. However, if someone stops smoking, then these chances gradually decrease as the damage to their body is repaired. A year after quitting, the risk of contracting heart disease is half that of a continuing smoker.[36] The health risks of smoking are not uniform across all smokers. Risks vary according to amount of tobacco smoked, with those who smoke more at greater risk. Light cigarette smoking still poses a significant (though reduced) health risk, as does pipe and cigar smoking.[citation needed] Smoking so-called "light" cigarettes does not reduce the risk.
Mortality[edit]
Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively.[37] Each cigarette that is smoked is estimated to shorten life by an average of 11 minutes.[38][39][40]
According to the results of a 50 year study of 34,486 male British doctors, at least half of all lifelong smokers die earlier as a result of smoking.[26]
Smokers are three times as likely to die before the age of 60 or 70 unlike non-smokers.[22][41][42]
In the United States, cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke accounts for roughly one in five,[43] or at least 443,000 premature deaths annually.[44]
Cancer[edit]
The primary risks of tobacco usage include many forms of cancer, particularly lung cancer,[45] kidney cancer,[46] cancer of the larynx and head and neck, breast cancer,[47][48] bladder cancer,[49] cancer of the esophagus,[50] cancer of the pancreas[51] and stomach cancer.[52]
There is some evidence suggesting a small increased risk of myeloid leukaemia, squamous cell sinonasal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, cancers of the gallbladder, the adrenal gland, the small intestine, and various childhood cancers. Recent studies have established a stronger relationship between tobacco smoke, including secondhand smoke, and cervical cancer in women.[53]
The risk of dying from lung cancer before age 85 is 22.1% for a male smoker and 11.9% for a female smoker, in the absence of competing causes of death. The corresponding estimates for lifelong nonsmokers are a 1.1% probability of dying from lung cancer before age 85 for a man of European descent, and a 0.8% probability for a woman.[54]
Pulmonary[edit]
In smoking, long term exposure to compounds found in the smoke (e.g., carbon monoxide and cyanide) are believed to be responsible for pulmonary damage and for loss of elasticity in the alveoli, leading to emphysema and COPD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by smoking, is a permanent, incurable (often terminal) reduction of pulmonary capacity characterised by shortness of breath, wheezing, persistent cough with sputum, and damage to the lungs, includingemphysema and chronic bronchitis.[55] The carcinogen acrolein and its derivatives also contribute to the chronic inflammation present in COPD.[56]
Cardiovascular[edit]
Inhalation of tobacco smoke causes several immediate responses within the heart and blood vessels. Within one minute the heart rate begins to rise, increasing by as much as 30 percent during the first 10 minutes of smoking. Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke exerts its negative effects by reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. Both of these conditions can become permanent with prolonged use of cigarettes.[57]
Smoking also increases the chance of heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, and peripheral vascular disease. Several ingredients of tobacco lead to the narrowing of blood vessels, increasing the likelihood of a blockage, and thus a heart attack or stroke. According to a study by an international team of researchers, people under 40 are five times more likely to have a heart attack if they smoke.[58]
Recent research by American biologists has shown that cigarette smoke also influences the process of cell division in the cardiac muscle and changes the heart's shape.[59]
The usage of tobacco has also been linked to Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) the acute inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of arteries and veins of the hands and feet.[citation needed]
Although cigarette smoking causes a greater increase of the risk of cancer than cigar smoking, cigar smokers still have an increased risk for many health problems, including cancer, when compared to non-smokers.[60][61] As for second-hand smoke, the NIH study points to the large amount of smoke generated by one cigar, saying "cigars can contribute substantial amounts of tobacco smoke to the indoor environment; and, when large numbers of cigar smokers congregate together in a cigar smoking event, the amount of ETS [i.e. second-hand smoke] produced is sufficient to be a health concern for those regularly required to work in those environments."[62]
Smoking tends to increase blood cholesterol levels. Furthermore, the ratio of high-density lipoprotein (the "good" cholesterol) to low-density lipoprotein (the "bad" cholesterol) tends to be lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Smoking also raises the levels of fibrinogen and increases platelet production (both involved in blood clotting) which makes the blood viscous. Carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying component in red blood cells), resulting in a much stabler complex than haemoglobin bound with oxygen or carbon dioxide—the result is permanent loss of blood cell functionality. Blood cells are naturally recycled after a certain period of time, allowing for the creation of new, functional erythrocytes. However, if carbon monoxide exposure reaches a certain point before they can be recycled, hypoxia (and later death) occurs. All these factors make smokers more at risk of developing various forms of arteriosclerosis. As the arteriosclerosis progresses, blood flows less easily through rigid and narrowed blood vessels, making the blood more likely to form a thrombosis (clot). Sudden blockage of a blood vessel may lead to an infarction (stroke). However, it is also worth noting that the effects of smoking on the heart may be more subtle. These conditions may develop gradually given the smoking-healing cycle (the human body heals itself between periods of smoking), and therefore a smoker may develop less significant disorders such as worsening or maintenance of unpleasant dermatological conditions, e.g. eczema, due to reduced blood supply. Smoking also increases blood pressure and weakens blood vessels.[63]
Renal[edit]
In addition to increasing the risk of kidney cancer, smoking can also contribute to additional renal damage. Smokers are at a significantly increased risk for chronic kidney disease than non-smokers.[64] A history of smoking encourages the progression of diabetic nephropathy.[65]
Influenza[edit]
A study of an outbreak of A(H1N1) influenza in an Israeli military unit of 336 healthy young men to determine the relation of cigarette smoking to the incidence of clinically apparent influenza, revealed that, of 168 smokers, 68.5 percent had influenza, as compared with 47.2 percent of nonsmokers. Influenza was also more severe in the smokers; 50.6 percent of the smokers lost work days or required bed rest, or both, as compared with 30.1 percent of the nonsmokers.[66]
According to a study of 1,900 male cadets after the 1968 Hong Kong A2 influenza epidemic at a South Carolina military academy, compared with nonsmokers heavy smokers (more than 20 cigarettes per day), had 21% more illnesses and 20% more bed rest, light smokers (less than 20 cigarettes per day) had 10% more illnesses and 7% more bed rest.[67]
The effect of cigarette smoking upon epidemic influenza was studied prospectively among 1,811 male college students. Clinical influenza incidence among those who daily smoked 21 or more cigarettes was 21% higher than that of non-smokers. Influenza incidence among smokers of 1 to 20 cigarettes daily was intermediate between non-smokers and heavy cigarette smokers.[67]
Surveillance of a 1979 influenza outbreak at a military base for women in Israel revealed that influenza symptoms developed in 60.0% of the current smokers vs. 41.6% of the nonsmokers.[68]
Smoking seems to cause a higher relative influenza-risk in older populations than in younger populations. In a prospective study of community-dwelling people 60–90 years of age, during 1993, of unimmunized people 23% of smokers had clinical influenza as compared with 6% of non-smokers.[69]
Smoking may substantially contribute to the growth of influenza epidemics affecting the entire population.[66] However the proportion of influenza cases in the general non-smoking population attributable to smokers has not yet been calculated.
Oral[edit]
Perhaps the most serious oral condition that can arise is that of oral cancer. However, smoking also increases the risk for various other oral diseases, some almost completely exclusive to tobacco users. TheNational Institutes of Health, through the National Cancer Institute, determined in 1998 that "cigar smoking causes a variety of cancers including cancers of the oral cavity (lip, tongue, mouth, throat),esophagus, larynx, and lung."[62] Pipe smoking involves significant health risks,[70][71] particularly oral cancer.[72][73] Roughly half of periodontitis or inflammation around the teeth cases are attributed to current or former smoking. Smokeless tobacco causes gingival recession and white mucosal lesions. Up to 90% of periodontitis patients who are not helped by common modes of treatment are smokers. Smokers have significantly greater loss of bone height than nonsmokers, and the trend can be extended to pipe smokers to have more bone loss than nonsmokers.[74] Smoking has been proven to be an important factor in the staining of teeth.[75][76] Halitosis or bad breath is common among tobacco smokers.[77] Tooth loss has been shown to be 2[78] to 3 times[79] higher in smokers than in non-smokers.[80]In addition, complications may further include leukoplakia, the adherent white plaques or patches on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, including the tongue, and a loss of taste sensation or salivarychanges.[citation needed]
Infection[edit]
Tobacco is also linked to susceptibility to infectious diseases, particularly in the lungs. Smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day increases the risk of tuberculosis by two to four times,[81][82] and being a current smoker has been linked to a fourfold increase in the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease.[83] It is believed that smoking increases the risk of these and other pulmonary and respiratory tract infections both through structural damage and through effects on the immune system. The effects on the immune system include an increase in CD4+ cell production attributable to nicotine, which has tentatively been linked to increased HIV susceptibility.[84] The usage of tobacco also increases rates of infection: common cold and bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema and chronic bronchitis in particular.[citation needed]
Smoking reduces the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in people without HIV infection.[85] One study found this only with the male population and could not draw any conclusions for the female participants in the study.[86]
International Mountain Day 11 December
ALBERT EINSTEIN
Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1878 in Ulm, Germany- His parents Herman and Rauline Einstein were very worried about young Einstein because he was very slow to learn how to speak. When he was young he was the worst in class. His parents settled in Italy when he was 15. He soon was expelled from school in Germany and joined his family in Italy. He finished high school in Switzerland; where he graduated with a teaching degree from the "Swiss Federal Institute of Technology." However he did not find a job until 1902. At the Swiss patent office, he worked there for seven years.in 1903, he married Maria Marie. Albert Einstein conceptualized the theories of general relativity and special relativity. He came to realize that the universe was not made up of three dimensional space as was commonly accepted, but four dimensional space-time.
Einstein made other great discoveries, such as the speed of light. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize in physics.
Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey on April 18, 1955.
GOOD BYE MANDELA...............
RABINDRA NATH TAGORE
RABINDRANATH TAGORE
Rabindranath Tagore?[›] 
pronunciation (help·info) (Bengali: ??????????? ?????) (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941),?[›] sobriquet Gurudev,?[›] was a Bengali polymath who reshaped his region's literature and music. Author of Gitanjali and its "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse",[2] he became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.[3] In translation his poetry was viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his "elegant prose and magical poetry" remain largely unknown outside Bengal.[4] Tagore introduced new prose and verse forms and the use of colloquial language into Bengali literature, thereby freeing it from traditional models based on classical Sanskrit. He was highly influential in introducing the best of Indian culture to the West and vice versa, and he is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of modern South Asia.[5][6][7]
A Pirali Brahmin[8][9][10][11] from Calcutta, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old.[12] At age sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bh?nusi?ha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics.[5][13] He graduated to his first short stories and dramas—and the aegis of his birth name—by 1877. As a humanist, universalist internationalist, and strident anti-nationalist he denounced the Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy endures also in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.[14]
Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: India's Jana Gana Mana and Bangladesh's Amar Shonar Bangla
| Rabindranath Tagore ??????????? ????? | |
|---|---|
 Tagore c. 1915, the year he was knighted by George V. Tagore repudiated his knighthood in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919.[1] | |
| Born | Rabindranath Thakur (1861-05-07)7 May 1861 Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India |
| Died | 7 August 1941(1941-08-07) (aged 80) Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India |
| Occupation | Poet, short story writer, song composer, novelist, playwright, essayist, painter |
| Language | Bengali, English |
| Nationality | India |
| Ethnicity | Bengali |
| Notable work(s) | Gitanjali, Gora, Ghare-Baire, Jana Gana Mana, Rabindra Sangeet, Amar Shonar Bangla (other works) |
| Notable award(s) | Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 |
| Spouse(s) | Mrinalini Devi (m. 1883–1902) |
| Children | five children, two of whom died in childhood |
| Relative(s) | Tagore family |
|
| |
| Signature |  |