What are the social implications of a shift towards the virtual office?
Supervisors will find that performance goals must be defined more clearly, which may lead to further bureaucratization.
It will increase autonomy and job satisfaction for many employees.
It will lead to greater worker privacy and job security.
both a and b
Steve is the star of the college football team. He takes a history course and fails all of the exams in that course. Nevertheless, the instructor gives Steve an "A" in the course. This would violate which component of bureaucracies?
division of labor
written rules and regulations
employment based on technical qualifications
impersonality
Close friends who have known each other since childhood would be an example of a(n):
primary group
secondary group
out-group
formal organization
The president of the United States need not be a good typist; a surgeon need not be able to fill a cavity. This is because of the bureaucratic characteristic of:
Claude is in a major automobile accident and is severely injured. When he is brought by ambulance to the hospital, he is refused admission because he cannot find his health insurance card. This situation would illustrate:
the Peter principle
trained incapacity
goal displacement
The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups are stressed by:
functionalists
conflict theorists
interactionists
classical theorists
Which one of the following is not a way in which formal organizations vary from one culture to another according to Geert Hofstede?
power distance
individualism/collectivism
primary/secondary
uncertainty avoidance
_______________ groups often emerge in the workplace among those who share special understandings about their occupation.
primary
secondary
out-groups
formal organizations
The purpose of a reference group is to serve a(n):
normative function by enforcing standards of conduct and belief
comparison function by serving as a standard against which people can measure themselves and others
elimination function by dissolving groups that no longer have a social purpose
Which of the following statements about small groups is correct?
All small groups are primary groups.
All small groups are secondary groups
Many small groups differ from primary groups in that they do not necessarily offer the intimate personal relationships characteristic of primary groups.
both b and c
