__________ view standards of deviant behavior as merely reflecting cultural norms, whereas ____________ and ____________ theorists point out that the most powerful groups in a society can shape laws and standards and determine who is (or is not) prosecuted as a criminal.

Which of the following conducted observation research on two groups of high school males-the Saints and the Roughnecks-and concluded that social class played an important role in the varying fortunes of the two groups?

Which one of the following crime rates was higher in the United States than in Europe during the 1980s and 1990s?

A burglar who wants to live in the suburbs along with lawyers and stockbrokers will pursue material success by violating the law. In Robert Merton's terms, the burglar is a(n):

If we fail to respect and obey social norms, we may face punishment through informal or formal:

Which sociological perspective emphasizes that societies literally could not function if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct?

According to Merton, the most common adaptation in the anomie theory of deviance is:

A useful distinction between conformity and obedience was made by social psychologist:

An important aspect of labeling theory is the recognition that some people or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others. This view recalls the emphasis placed on the social significance of power by the:

Which of the following offered pioneering insights regarding professional criminals by publishing an annotated account written by a professional thief?