1. What is Satyagraha? Who introduced it?

• Satyagraha is a peaceful fight against the British without any arms.
• It is a new path to express the displeasure against British rule and the demands of people. Our leader Gandhiji introduced if for the welfare and freedom of Indians.

 2. Who is called as the “Andhra Kesari”? How did he receive that title?

• Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu is called the “Andhra Kesari”.
• He participated in the boycott of the Simon Commission in Chennai.
• He was obstructed by the police from going to the police firing place.
• He disobeyed the police and roared at them, “shoot at me, Shoot at my chest”.
• So he was popularly known as the Andhra Kesari for the bravery he has shown them.

 3. What is the reason for Vandematharam movement ?

• Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of the British Government partitioned Bengal into two parts in 1905.
• This partition led to the vandematharam movement.

 4. When and by whom was the Indian National Congress founded?

• The first war of independence to get freedom and self government started in 1857.
• Thereafter the movement spread to all parts of India.
• To fulfill this, the Indian national congress was founded in 1885.
• A. O.Huhme was the leader of this organization.

 
 5. Who was popularly known as “The Nightingale of India”? Write a few sentences about her.

• Smt. Sarojini Naidu was popularly known as “The Nightingale of India”.
• She was the first Indian woman to become the Chairman of the Indian National Congress.
• She was a good orator.
• She was the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh during 1947-1949.

 6. What is Renaissance movement?

• The great Indian culture, heritage and values were put aside because of the effect of the influence of the British.
• Some educationists and social reformers of the 19th century rejuvenated the Indian.
• Among them Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan, Dayananda Saraswathi, Swami Vivekananda were prominent.

 7. How did the British Rule come into being?

• Towards the end of 16th century, the British established, The East India Company trade in our country.
• Thus they began to dominate the Indian kings.
• In other words, the rule of the British was started in India indirectly.
• Gradually they occupied a large number of local and independent kingdoms.

8. What is the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian National Movement?

• After his return from South Africa to Indai in 1915, Gandhiji took up the Indian National Movement.
• He led the Champaran Satyagraha in 1918 and Jallianwala Bagh Movement in 1919 against the massacre.
• He also led the Non – cooperation movement in 1920 and the civil Disobedience movement in 1930.
• He started Quit India movement in 1942 which gave good results.
• The confidence of the people grew to achieve independence.
• He travelled all over the county encouraging the Indian National Leaders and lead even the common people to take part in the movement through his speeches.
• The British Viceroys of the day bowed their heads to the quality of Gandhiji’s leadership.
• Finally we got independence under his leadership on 15th August 1947.