14. What are Stomata?
The tiny pores present on the lower surface of leaves are called stomata.
15. What is the function of Chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll captures the energy of sunlight.
16. What happens when there are no green plants on the earth?
In the absence of green plants there will not be any living organisms.
17. What are the end products of Photosynthesis?
Carbohydrates (glucose) and oxygen.
18. Why cuscuta is called parasite?
Cuscuta is called parasite because it derives valuable nutrients and deprives the host plant from them.
19. In which form plants use nitrogen?
Plants use nitrogen in soluble form.
20. Where does Rhizobium bacteria live?
They live in the roots of legumes such as gram, peas, and other pulses.
21. What are lichens?
A chlorophyll containing partner, which an alga and a fungus live together. The fungus provides shelter, water and minerals to alga, and in return, the alga provides food which is prepared by photosynthesis by alga.
22. How does cuscuta get its food?
Cuscuta does not have chlorophyll. It takes ready-made food from the plant on which it is climbing. The plant on which it climbs is called host. Cuscuta takes its food from the host plant and deprives the host of valuable nutrients.
23. How does the fungus get its nutrition?
Fungus is a saprotroph. Its mode of nutrition is called saprotrophic mode of nutrition. It takes its food from dead and decaying organic matter. The digestive juice of fungus convert the dead materials into soluble form. Then it is absorbed.
24. In the absence of photosynthesis, life is impossible on the earth. Explain.
Green plants produce food and oxygen during photosynthesis, non-green plants and all animals cannot produce food. So, all living organisms depend on green plants, directly or indirectly. All organisms get their food from plants. Oxygen is essential for the survival of life which is released during photosynthesis. In this way, we can say that life would be impossible on the earth in the absence of photosynthesis.
25. Why fertilisers and manures are required to be added to the soil periodically?
Plants absorb the minerals and other nutrients from the soil. So the amount of these substances are decreased in the soil. Fertilisers and manures contain nutrients like, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Therefore, to overcome the deficit of these nutrients in the soil, we need to add these fertilisers and manures from time to time.
26. Write the importance of Rhizobium bacteria for the farmers.
Crops require a lot of nitrogen to make proteins. They cannot utilize the atmospheric nitrogen. They can use it in soluble form. The Rhizobium bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into soluble form. In this way Rhizobium plays an important role for the farmers because it helps farmers to save fertilisers and manures.
27. Explain the mechanism of eating insects by pitcher plant.
The leaves of the pitcher plants are modified into a pitcher like structure. The apex of the leaves form a lid which can open and close the mouths of the pitcher like structure of the leaves. Inside the pitcher there are hair which are directed downwards. When an insect lands in the pitcher the lid closes and the trapped insect gets entangled into the hair. The insect is digested by the digestive juices secreted in the pitcher. Such insect eating plants are called insectivorous plants. Such plants do not get all the required nutrients from the soil. So, they are called partial hetrotrophs.
Pitcher plant showing lid and pitcher
