PART I

1.  Railways

2. Francis ferdinand

3. Lightning warfare

4. Raja Rammohan Roy

5. Peace

6. New Delhi

7. 12th October 2005

8. Mt. Godwin Austin

9. Uranium

10. Mumbai

11. Delhi

12. Agriculture

13. Prime minister of India

14. 1967

                                                                      PART II

15.

a)    Black shirts                               -    Mussolini's followers

b)    New York                                   -    Head quarters of the UNO

c)    Martin Luther of Hinduism             -    Dayanandha saraswathi

d)    Justice Party                               -    T.M.Nair

e)    Vaikam Hero                                -    E.V. Ramasamy Periyar

f)     Lignite                                         -    A type of coal

g)     Jute Industry                               -    West Bengal

h)     Southern Railway                        -     Chennai

i)      Village roads                               -     Panchayat

j)       TIROS                                       -     United states of America       

                                                               SECTION - II

                                                                   PART - I

16. The USA's invasion against Iraq with its military power, forced it to have another sort of government favourable to the USA.  This is called Military imperialism.

17.  The National Industrial Recovery  Act was passed to reform the conditions of the workers by raising wages and lowering their working hours.

18.  *   The greased catridges supplied for the new Enfield Rifle  was the immediate cause for the revolt.

       *   These cartridges  had to be bitten off before loading.

       *   There was a rumour that the fat of the cow and pig had been used to grease these catridges.

       *   The sepoys  belived this rumour and both the hindus and muslims refused to use them as the cow is scared to the hindus and the pig is detestable to the muslims.

19.

*   The teachings of Vallalar is "Service to mankind is the path of Moksha ".

*   God is the personification of mercy and knowledge.

*   The path of compassion and mercy are the only path to god.

20. 

*  Dadabai Naoroji

*  Surendranath Banerjee

*  Pheroze sha Mehta

*  Gopala Krishna Gokhale

*  M.G.Ranade.

21. 

i)   Charismatic leadership

ii)  Single party rule under a dictator

iii) Terrorism

iv) Economic control.

22. 

i)  The General Assembly

ii) The Council

iii) The Secretariat

iv) International court of Justice

v) International Labour Organization

23.  What are the aims of the Self - respect movement ?

i)  The Self respect movement condemned and fought against Brahmin domination over other castes, society, politics and religion.

ii)  It fought to abolish traditionalism and supersituations

iii)  It advocated women education, widow remarriage, intercaste marriages and opposed child marriage.

24.

*   In South Africa the whites, did not give equal rights to the native Africans.

*  India had raised this issue in the UN General Assembly in 1946.

*  It was due to the constant moral support of India and the continuous struggle of Dr. Nelson Mandela, the policy of apartheid had been abolished in 1990.

25.  Vedic, Hindu, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are some of the religious of India.

                                                                PART -III

26. The Andaman and Nicobar groups in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep in the Arabian sea.

27. Andhra Pradesh, Tharkhand, Bihar and Rajastan.

28.

NAME                                          SOWING PERIOD                                 HARVEST PERIOD

Kharif                               June (Begining of monsoon )                          Early days of November

Rabi                                 November( Begining of winter )                       March (Begining of summer )

Zaid                                  March (Begining of summer )                         June ( Begining of monsoon)

29.

*   Pipeline can be laid through difficult terrain as well as under water.

*  Initial cost if laying pipeline is high but subsequent cost for maintenance and operation is low.

*  It ensures steady supply and minimizes transhipment losses and delays.

*  Pipeline operation involves very low consumption of energy.

30.

*  Sulphur di oxide

*  Nitrogen oxide

*   Carbon mono oxide and

* Organic compounds are the major air pollutants.

31.   

* The word Monsoon is derived from the Arabic word " Mausim " meaning "season ".

*  The term was used by seamen to describe system of alternating winds over the Arabian sea.

*  These winds appear to blow from southwest for six months and from northwest for another six months.

*  These winds are called as Monsoon winds.

32.

*  Jute products are gunny bags, canvas pack sheets, jute webs, hessians carpets, cordage and twines

*  It is also mixed with cotton to make carpets and blankets.

33. Missing

                                                          PART - IV

34.  *  Laissery fair means non intervention by the government in economical activities.

       *  The Government functions as a welfare state catering to the needs and aspirations of the people.

35.   *  Nehru's governemnt followed the policy of mixed economy.

        *  It means the co -existence of both private and public sector industries.

                                                              SECTION  III

36.    

                     GMT                                          IST

*     GMT means Greenwich Meridian time         IST means Indian Standared time

*     GMT is calculated in 0° longitude               IST is calculated in 821/2° longitude

*     It is world standared time                          It is an Indian standared time.

37.  

              WEATHER                                      CLIMATE

*    Weather is a day to day conditions               Climate is a average state of weather for a

     of the atmosphere of any place in                  longer period of time at any place. weather

     regard to temperature, pressure,                    records of a minimum period of 35 years are 

     wind, humidity and rainfall.                            found necessary to obtain reliable average.

38.

         RENEWABLE RESOURCES                               NON - RENEWABLE RESOURCES

   *   Sun, wind , tide, biogas etc are called                  Coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity are

       renewable resources.                                           called as non - renewable resources.

   *    These resources are easily available                    These resources are available in limited and

         and renewable.                                                  limited in particular places.

   *    It is an environment friendly and                           At the time of production it will make pollution

        pollution free .                                                     and spoil the environment.

  *     It is available continously and very                        These resources are natural gift and very

        less production cost.                                           limited in available .

39.

                          WIND ENERGY                                     THERMAL ENERGY

* The wind energy is produced from                          Thermal energy is produced using coal, petroleum,

  natural wind.                                                         natural gas etc.

* The initial expenses for erecting                             The expenses are very limited to erecting the

   the windmills are huge .                                         thermal stations.

*  Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,                                Punjab, Haryana, Rajastan, Karnataka, 

  Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Madhya                       Kerala, Orissa and Delhi have thermal

  Pradesh, Maharastra and Lakshadweep                  energy producing centres.

  have wind energy producing centres.

40.

                   MINERAL BASED INDUSTRY                        AGRO BASED INDUSTRY

*   Mineral  based industries use both metallic                 Agro based industries used agricultural products

    and non - metallic minerals as their raw materials.        as their basic raw materials.

*   The major mineral based industry of our                       The major agro based industries of our country

    country is the iron and steel industry.                           cotton textile industry, jute industry, sugar industry etc.

*   These industries are located either near the                  These industries are located near the areas

     coal fields or iron ore mines .                                      of cultivation.

41.

                  COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE                        SUBSISTANCE AGRICULTURE

*   In India there are some limited states                      The predominent type of Indian agriculture is

    practise this commercial agriculture.                       subsistence farming.

*   This type  of agriculture is called as                        This type  of agriculture is called as intensive

    extensive agriculture .                                            agriculture.

*   In this type crops are raised on a                            In this type nearly, half of the production is

    large scale with the view of exporting                       used for family consumption and the rest is

    them to other countries and for                                sold in the nearly markets.

    earning foreign exchange.

*  The farmers concentrate on raw                               The farmers concentrate on stable food crops

   materials like cereals, cotton,                                   like rice and wheat.

   sugarcane, jute etc.

42.

                               EXPORTS                                              IMPORTS

*   Exports means goods and services                          Import refer to goods and services brought from

    sold for foreign currency.                                          overseas producers.

*   India exports nearly 7,500 goods to                          India imports nearly 6000 goods from 

    nearly 190 countries of the world.                             140 countries.

43.

                              ROADWAYS                                              RAILWAYS

*    The Indian roads are cost efficient and                       The railway is Indian provide the pincipal mode of

     the most popular mode of transport.                           transportation for fright and passenger .

*    It is the most popular dominant mode                         It brings people together from the farthest corner

     of tramsport linking different parts of                           of the country and promotes trade. tourism, education

     our country .                                                             and national integration.

*    Roads stretch across the length and                          Indian railways is the largest rail network in Asia and

     breadth of our country and it is used by                      the second largest in the world . It traverses across the

     all selections of people in the society                         length and breadth of the country for over 63,273 km

     Road netwrok in India is the second                           connectin 7,025 stations.

      longest in the world accounting for 3.314

      million K.M.

*    The roads are classified into village roads,               The railways are classified into broad guage, meter

     district roads, state highway, national                     guage, narrow guage, .Delhi is the head quarters of

     highway, golden highway, super highways               the Indian railway and it is the main tocal point from

     Express ways, Border road and inter                      where the railway lines radiate in all directions

    national highways.                                                  connecting the seaports, air ports, and metropolitan cities.

SECTION - IV
44.
a)   Kaiser William II was the ruler of Germany during first world war.
b)   Kaiser William II of Germany believed that this country alone was competent to rule the whole world.
c)   He could not  tolerate the British saying that the sun never sets in the british empire.
d)   He stationed a fleet at heligoland in  north sea.
45.
a)   In 1932 the presidential election was held in U.S.A.
b)  Franklin D Roosevelt was commonly known as FDR.
c)  " I pledge you , I pledge, myself to a new deal for the  Americans" was his election manifesto.
d)  The policy formulated by him is known as New Deal.
46.
a)   His original name was Mul Shankar.
b)   Swami Virjanand was his guru.
c)    His motto was ' Go back to vedas ".
d)   Samaj advocated women education, intercaste marriage and inter dining.
47.   Kamaraj
a)   He entered into politics of India by taking part in vaikam sathyagraha in 1924.
b)   In 1930 he was kept in Aliport Jail.
c)   He hoisted the Indian National Flag in Sathyamoorthy's house in 1947 .
d)   He died on October 2nd 1975.
                                  SECTION  - V
                                   PART -I
48.
a)   The Leage of Nations succeeded in solving problems during its existence for about 20 years which deserve appreciation.
*     The dispute between Sweden and Finland regarding the possession of Aaland island.
*     It solved a boundary dispute in Siberia between Poland and Germany.
*     It solved a dispute between Greese and Italy over the island of Corfu.
*     It avoided a war between Greece and Bulgaria over the border disputes.
*     In 1926, Germany and in 1934 Russia were admitted as a member of the league nations.
*     It solved a border issue between Peru and Columbia
*     Its other organs of the league prevented the spread of many diseases.
*     It extended its helping  hand in solving the problems of refugees and lepers.
*     It whole heartedly promoted cultural co-operation among the nations.
*     It attempted to raise the standard of education in various  states.
*     The international court of justice handlex more than thirty cases and solved in peacefully.   
b) The Great Revolt of 1857.
The great revolt of 1857 was not a sudden occurance. It was a culmination of people's haterdand the suffering caused under the oppressive British rule.
causes for the revolt :
*    Political causes
*    Adminstrative causes
*    Economic causes
*    Social and religious causes
*    Military causes
*     Immediate causes
Administrative causes :-
*   The replacement of persial language by english as the court language was not liked by the people.
*   The people always felt insecure of their property life and honours by judicial system of the British.
*   The peasants and the landlords had to pay heavy taxes by the revenue system from all high civil and military jobs.
*   The educated Indians who expected to get gainful employment in the service of the company were disappointed.
Military causes :-
*   The highest pay given to the Indian Sepoy as subedar was less than the minimum pay of a raw European  recruit.
*   There was no promotion for Indian soldiers.
*   The sepoys were also insulted very badly.
*   Lord  Canning's General services englishment act ordered the indian sepoys to be ready for service both within and outside India and even overseas.
*   The number of Indian soldiers was five times more than that of the British.
*   The  places of strategic importance like Delhi and Allahabad were wholly held by the Indian soldiers.
*   These factors emboidened the sepoys to rise against the British.

c)    The formation of the Justice party :
*    The Justice party engineered a social revolution against the domination of brahmins in the sphere of public services and education.
*    The justice party known as South Indian Liheral federation was political party in the Madras presidency of British India.
*    This party was established in 1916 by T.M Nair and Thiyagaraja Chetty.
The achievements of the Justice Party :
*     It provided reservation of appointments in local bodies and educational institutions for non - brahmins.
*     It created a staff selection board in 1924 and it become the Public Service Commission in 1929.
*     For the benefit for all communities collage communities were created to regulate the higher educational institutions.
*     Temple committies were created to regulate temple accounts.
*     In 1925 Andhra University and in 1929 Annamali University were opened .
*    The women were granted to vote in 1921 and the justice part abloished Devadasti system.
*    The system of giving free pattas for housing sites to the poor was introduced.
*    Hindu Religious Endowment Bill was passed.
*    It gave encouragement to Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Medical Education.
                 
                                             PART  - II
49.
a)
*   India is called by the name of " A Great Peace Maker ". It followed five principles which are popularly known as "Pancha Sheel ". Jawaharlal Nehru laid stress on this five principles.
*   Each country should respect the territorial intergenity and sovergenity of others.
*   No counry should attack any other country.
*    No one should try to enterfere in the internal affairs of others.
*   All country shall strive for equality and mutual benefit
*   Every country should try to follow the policy of peaceful co - existence.
Policy of Non - Allignment
*   After second world war the world was divided into two hostile blocs -  The American bloc and Russian bloc.
*   Both of them are trying to increase their influence at the cost of other.
*   But India has not joined either of these two blocs.
*   India maintained world peace.

b)
*   Physical features, person's living, their varied habits, religious faith, language, food and dress habits make the people look different but the heritage of India binds them together.
*   Humanism, Spritual urge, brotherhood, friendship love for all and religious tolerance make the Indians live in unity and harmony.
*   The feeling and thought that all are the sons of Bharath,all are Indians and brothers and sisters help towards the growth of national integration along with national symbols.
*   "United we live ; divided we fall " is the sprit with which the indians live and safeguard National integration .
*   Every year 19th November we celebrate as National Integration Day.

c)
*   Measures  taken by the government of Tamil Nadu to protect the consumer
*   Establishment of citizen consumer in every educational institution.
*   Providing consumer education to rural masses through women self help groups / Panchayat level redressal and through residents welfare associations in urban areas.
*   Generating awareness through sectorial workshops / seminars
*   Publication and distribution of monthly magazine under the caption " Tamil Nadu Nugaror Kavasan"
*   Propogating consumer awarness messages through Radio / Television Media and short video films .
*   With the motive of developing citizen as a " valuable consumer " various consumer organizations are serving together with government of Tamil Nadu in providing consumer education of general public.

                                                                            PART III
50
a)   Himalayas are effective climatic barriers as they check the incoming cold winds from the north
*     It helps the plains free from frost and snow during winters
*     Southwest monsoon winds are prevented from moving beyond resulting in copious rainfall
*     These great mountains provide a physical barrier in the north protecting our country invansions
*     Himalayas are the source of all perennial rivers of India, which bring  alluvium and help the cultivation of crops in the great plain.
*     The dense forest on the slopes besides sheltering wild life provide timper and other forest products.

b)  The Software Industry has emerged as a major industry in the Indian economy.
*    The main reason for its rapid growth is due to the availablity of cheap and skilled yound software professionals  in our country.
*    The Department of electronics has established " electronic parks " in different parts of our country.
*    The Main centres are Chennai , Coimbatore, Thiruvananthapuram, Bangalore, Mysore, Hyderabad, Vishkapatnam, Mumbai, Pune, Bhubhavaneshwar, Indore, Gandhi Nagar, Jaipore, Kolkata, Noida, Mohali and Srinagar.
*    At present there are more than 500 software firms in the country
*    Today the software industry in India exports software and services to nearly 95 countries around the world.
*    The Government has also played a vital role in the development of software industry.

C)
1.   The most effective technology, to gather information on any part of the earth within a short pan of time without fooling the region is the Remote sensing technology.

2.   Sensors :
*    Remote sensing of the environment by geographers is usually done with the help of mechanical devices known as sensors.
*    These sensors are positioned in helicopters, planes and satellites
*    The sensers record information about an object my measuring the electromagnetic energy

3.  Aerial photographs were the first result of remote sensing utilized by cartographers are mao makers
*   In 1858, french map - makers used a hot air baloon and primitive cameras to take oblique aerial photographs of the landscape.
*   By comparing photographs taken to different angles, cartographers were able to create accurate and detailed maps of different territories

The revocability of remote sensing technology
*   In 1960, a revolution in remote sensinal technology began with the development of space satellite
*  From their high Vantage - point satellites have a greatly extended view of the earth's surface
*   The first Meterological satellite, 'TIROS - 1' and  Earth Resource Technology  ' Landsat" was launched  by the United States
*   In 1986  France launched the satellite " SPOT "
*   France launched five satellites and have produced more than to million images

                                                      PART - IV
51.
a)     The National Income of a country can be calculated by the following three methods.
                *   Product Method
                *   Income Method
                *   Expenditure Method
1) Product Method :-  In this method the total value of all goods and services produced in a country is taken.
2) Income Method :-  In this method the income and payment received by all the people in the country are calculated
3) Expenditure Method :-  In this method w e add up the expenditure of all people on consumer goods, investment and saving.

b)  Eleventh Five Year Plan ( 2007 -2012)
The eleventh five year plan commenceo in April 2007. It covers a period of five years ( 2007 -2012)

Objectives of Eleventh Five Year Plan :
*   Increasing the public investment in irrigation, rural electrification and rural roads.
*   To reduces subsides in power fertilizer
*   Promoting agricultural research
*   To ensure environmental protection
*   Larger employment opportunities
*   To develop rural infrastructure
*   To Abolish poverty
*   To reduce the dropout rate in primary schools

C.
1.  Green Revolution :

*   Green Revolution was introduced in the year 1967.
*   The Indian council of Agricultural Research introduced this new strategy through
        *    Land reforms
        *    Promoting the use of high yielding of variety seeds
       *     Improved irrigation facilities

2. Land reforms :
*   The government initiated speedy land reform measures like land ceiling legistation abolition of intermediaries and tenancy legistation
*   Through the Bhoodham movement millions of acres of land were received from the landlords and distributed to the landless poor.

3. High yielding variety seeds programme :
*   The green revolution largely means increasing production of food grains by using high yielding variety seeds especially of wheat  and rice
*   The use of high yielding variety seeds requires regular supply of water, fertilizer, pesticides and financial resources.
*    As a result of green revolution large number of states benefited by producing more crops
*    The credit of introducing of high yielding variety seeds goes to Indian council of Agriculture Research and many agricultural universities in India particularly Ludhiana Panthagar (UP) and Coimbatore.