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1.What is known as Eastern question?
When the imperialist powers entered into mutual competition, conflicts among them became widespread. The international problems which surfaced caused mutual mistrust and enmity. The problems began when the imperialist powers tried to occupy the east European regions under the control of the Ottoman Empire. It was known as the Eastern Question.
2.What is Balkan crisis?
Balkan crisis was the immediate fall out of Eastern question. A campaign started to unite German speaking people under one state. Regions of Balkan peninsula were also included as a part of the project. When Austria laid claim on Balkan peninsula, Germany supported it. But Serbia claimed this region on racial grounds. Russia supported Serbia. The conflict between Russia and Germany over these regions was known as Balkan crisis.
3.What is Moroccan crisis?
A secret treaty was concluded between Britain and France in 1904. The major provision of the treaty was that if Britain was given a free hand in Egypt, she would admit the claim of France over Morocco. But the French claim over Morocco was opposed by Germany. By another treaty, France agreed to transfer a part of French Congo to Germany and in return Germany agreed to concede Morocco to France.
4.How did construction of Baghdad Rail become the cause of First world war?
Germany proposed to construct a railway line connecting the German city Berlin with the city of Baghdad in Iraq. Britain and Russia feared that it would enhance the commercial prospects of Germany. These countries thought that Germany would extend her influence to Persia and the Ottoman Empire to Egypt. This became one of the causes of the First World War.
5.Why is First World War described as imperialist war?
The imperialist powers fanned the crises all over the world to control the colonies and exploit their resources. So the First World War is often described as imperialist war.
6.Mention the military alliances formed during the First World War?
The quarrels among the imperialist powers led to the formation of military alliances. The Allied Forces or Triple Entente were Great Britain, France and Russia.On the other hand Central powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
7.What was the immediate cause of the First World War?
Assassination of the Austrian heir, Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife at the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 was the immediate cause of the war. The assassin was a Serbian. Austria issued an ultimatum demanding explanation from Serbia within twenty four hours, which Serbia ignored. There upon Austria declared war on Serbia on 28th July 1914. Thus the first world war began.
8.Mention the strategies adopted during the First World War?
The strategies adopted in the First World War were new and the technologies used were destructive. For the first time in the history, battles were fought on land, sea and air. Tanks, shells and mines were used in the war on land. Germany used poisonous gases like chlorine with no ethical consideration. Ships were sunk by using torpedoes. Aeroplanes were used to drop bombs.
9.What were the provisions of Treaty of Versailles?
Treaty of Versailles was the most important treaty signed in the peace conference in Paris. It was signed with Germany and was highly humiliating. Germany had to give many territories to France, Belgium and Denmark. The size of her military strength was drastically reduced. She had to surrender her battle ships. Restrictions were imposed on the production of arms and ammunition. She was forced to pay 6.6 million dollars as war indemnity.
10.What was the main provision of the treaty of St. Germaine?
Austria-Hungary was forced to sign a separate treaty with the Allies. This treaty signed on September 10, 1919 was known as Treaty of St. Germain. By this treaty she had to accept the following conditions :
11.What was the main provision of the Treaty of Sevres?
Turkey was forced to sign the treaty of Sevres on August 10, 1920. The main provision of this treaty was the complete dismemberment of the Turkish Empire. Syria went to France; Palestine and Mesopotamia went to Britain as mandates.Most of the remaining Turkish territories were to be given to Greece and Italy.
12.What were the consequences of the First World War?
The consequences of First World War were far-reaching.
13. Who were Bolsheviks?
The wing of the Social Democratic Labour Party which was headed by Lenin following the split was known as Bolsheviks or left wing. The Bolsheviks appealed to its members to become well organized revolutionaries to fight against the imperialist government of Russia. They strived for propagating revolutionary ideas among the workers. They pursued strikes and revolutionary activities as the means to achieve their goal.
14.Who were Mensheviks?
The Mensheviks were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1904 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party. Mensheviks were headed by Alexander Kerensky. They put forward reforms and elections as a substitute for revolutions.
15.What is February revolution?
During the course of the First World War, poverty was widespread and in 1917 strikes broke out. The workers demanded the withdrawal of Russia from the World War as well as the abolition of Tsardom.On 12th March, 1917, several regiments of the army mutinied and joined the striking workers. They released the political prisoners and captured the capital city of Petrogard. This incident which took place in March 1917 was known as February revolution. When the Revolution broke out the Tsar tried to dissolve the Duma, but in vain. The Duma assumed power and on 15th March a provisional government was formed under Alexander Kerensky.
16.What do you mean by October revolutions?
The Kerensky government failed to solve the problems faced by the people. So on November 7, the united force of the workers, soldiers and the soviets under the leadership of the Bolsheviks captured all strategic cities including Petrograd. The provisional government under Kerensky was over thrown.Lenin, the leader of Bolsheviks promised land to the peasants and control of the production to labourers, power to the soviets and peace to all. He declared that a socialist order would be implemented in Russia. This revolution is known as October Revolution.
