1, Mention the three classes or estates of French society  during the Revolution ?
 Ans:     The three classes or estates were :
  1) The first Estate consisting of the clergy
  2) The second estate consisting of the nobility.
  3) The third estate consisting of the common people .

2, Compare the life of the first and second Estate of the French society with its third Estate ?
 Ans:      The first and second Estate included the clergy and the nobility .Political power was in their hands.They owned vast areas of land .They were very rich and did not pay taxes,while the third Estate included the commoners ie, merchants, traders, doctors, teachers, farmers etc.  They formed 95 % of the French population.  They were under privileged and suffered exploitation .They had to bear the burden of taxation .

3, What was the condition of the peasants which constituted a major part of the third Estate ?
 Ans:            The largest section of the third Estate was the peasants.They were either landless or owned very little hand . They had to pay taxes. Often ,they had to work for their lord without any wages . They struggled hard to feed their family. When the harvest was bad, their family had to starve.

4 , What was the role of the middle class in arousing French Revolution ?
Ans:               The Middle class was strong in France. It was called the bourgeoisie . It consisted of merchants, traders, small businessmen and the educated people .  Despite paying taxes, they had no political right or any social status .They are unhappy with the way they were treated by the first and the second Estate. Frustration and anger slowly crept in among the people which finally broke out as a revolution in 1789 .

5 , Who were the French philosophers who inspired the people ? How did they help the people for a revolution ?
 Ans:          The French philosophers were Voltaire ,Rousseau and Montesquieu .They through their revolutionary ideas , inspired the people to demand their rights.without their inspiration people never would have found the strength to riseup in arms .

6 , What was the storming of Bastille ?
 Ans:           On 14 July 1789 , the suppressed people of France rose up in revolt .They attacked the Bastille prison where political prisoners were kept.The people broke open its gates and released the prisoners .The fall of the Bastille prison symbolized the fall of autocracy .This event called storming of Bastille marked the beginning of the French revolution .

7 , What was the impact of the French revolution ?
 Ans:             The revolution did not last long . Louis xvi and Marie Antoinette were arrested and executed . The representatives of the third Estate formed the National assembly. It ended monarchy and established a republican government . It also adopted the famous document Declaration of the Rights of man and of the Citizen. The ideals of Liberty ,Equality and Fraternity became the guiding principles of the republic of France . It gave voting rights to the people . Feudalism was replaced by capitalism .

8 , How did French Revolution affect the people outside France ?

Ans:

•        The revolutionary ideas spread all over the world .
•         It gave rise to freedom movements in other countries of Europe .
•         The revolution popularized idea of Nationalism.
•         People began to identify themselves with their nations.
•         People in other countries united to form nation states .
•         The ideas of liberty ,equality,and justice inspired the people to fight for their rights.
•         They wished to overthrow aritocratic rule and ensure social and economic equality to its citizens .

9 , How did Napolean unify a large part of Europe ?

Ans:              Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in 1799. First he was general of the French forces . Then the first consul and the emperor of France. He was an ambitions person who wanted to control the whole of Europe . He led France in many wars. He declared war on Austria and defeated their forces in AD 1805 . Same year he defeated the combined forces of Austria and Russia at battle of Austerlitz. In AD 1806 ,he defeated Prussia and in 1807, the Russian army was routed. Thus a large part of Europe came under his control .