1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) SETH is the short form of ______ command.

(ii) The PU command only move turtle pen up by ______ units.

(iii) The _______ command works as an eraser.

(iv) The _______  command is used after PE command to start drawing again.

Answer

(i) Moves turtle in the clockwise direction.

(ii) 45

(iii) PE

(iv) PPT

2. Match the following.

1. CT                   a. Hides turtle on window

2. CS                   b. Shows turtle on window

3. ST                   c. Clear text from recall list box

4. HT                   d. Clears the screen

Answer

1. c   2. d   3. b   4. a

3. State whether true or false.

a. You cannot hide the turtle from screen.

b. Repeat command is used to do task again and again.

c. The QUOTIENT command is used to divide a number by another.

d. You cannot print numbers and words in LOGO.

e. You can draw semicircle by using print command.

Answer:

a. True     b. True     c.True     d. False     e. False

4. What is Logo?

Logo is a computer programming language used for functional programming.

5. What are primitives?

In Logo there has a turtle that works as a cursor on screen. It can move anywhere in the screen. The movement of turtle is controlled by the commands that enter in the input box. These commands are called primitives.

6. Explain the HT command.

The HT command makes the turtle invisible from screen.

           HT  :  HIDETURTLE

7. Explain the ST command.

The ST command makes the turtle visible on the screen.

           ST   :  SHOWTURTLE

8. Explain the function of PU command.

The PU or PENUP command sets the pen's position to UP, without changing its mode.

Example:  FD 50

                PU

                FD 45

Note : The PU command only move pen up by 45 units.

9. Explain the function of PD command.

The PD or PENDOWN command sets the pen's position to DOWN, without changing its mode. This command is used after PU commands to start drawing again.

Example:  PD

               FD 50

10. Explain the function of PENERASE command with example.

The PENERASE or PE command sets the pen's position to down and works as eraser. It erase the line by moving turtle over it.

Example : FD 100

                 PE

               BK 40

11. Explain the function of PENPAINT command with example.

The PPT or PENPAINT command is used after PE command to start drawing again.

Example:  PPT

                FD 40

12. Explain the SETPC command.

The SETPC command is used to change the color of turtle pen. The numbers ranging from 0-15 represent different colors.

The Color codes are:

Example : SETPC 10

                 FD 100

13. What are the mathematical calculations done in Logo?

       ♦ Addition

       ♦ Subtraction

       ♦ Multiplication

       ♦ Division

14. Which command is used for addition?

The Sum command is used for addition. It is used with print command.

Example: PR SUM 23

                   or

                  PR 2+3

To print more than two value use the command   :   PR (SUM 3 4 5).

15. Which command is used for subtraction?

The DIFFERENCE command is used to subtract one number from another.

Example: PR  DIFFERENCE 5 2

                    or

                PR 5-2

16. Which command is used for multiplication?

The PRODUCT command is used to multiply two numbers.

Example: PR Product 3 2

                    or

                PR  3 *  2

17. Which command is used to divide one number from another?

The QUOTIENT command is used  to divide one number from another.

Example: PR QUOTIENT 10  2

                    or

                 PR 10 / 2

18. Explain Repeat primitive.

The Repeat command allows to do the same task again and again. This command is used to draw square, circle, pentagon, semicircle and many other shapes.

Syntax: 

          REPEAT < number of times to repeat> [command to be repeated].

19. What is nesting?

The Repeat command can be used twice in a command. This is called nesting.

Syntax:  

     REPEAT< number of times to repeat> [ REPEAT < number of times to repeat> [command  to be repeated]

Example:

     REPEAT 4 [REPEAT 4 [FD 20 RT 90]BK 20 LT 90]

20. How can be drawing a square?

A square is drawn by using the repeat command.

    REPEAT 4 [ FD 100 RT 90]

21. How to draw a circle?

The repeat command is using to draw a circle.

     REPEAT 360 [ FD 1 RT 1]

22. How to draw a semicircle?

To draw a semicircle:

      REPEAT 180 [FD 1 RT 1]

      RT 180

23. How to draw a Triangle?

       REPEAT 3 [FD 100 RT 120]

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) LOGO stands for ______.

(ii) _______ are entered in the input box.

(iii) Primitives in LOGO are not _______.

(iv) ______ is used to lift up the turtle's pen.

(v) The ______ primitive changes the colour of the turtle pen.

Answer

(i) Language of Graphics Oriented

(ii) Primitives

(iii) Case sensitive

(iv) PENUP (PU)

(v) SETPC

2. Match the following.

1. CS                     a. To exit from LOGO

2. HT                     b. To clear the screen   

3. FD                     c. To move the turtle forward

4. BYE                  d. To hide the turtle

Answer

1. b  2. d   3. c   4. a

3. State whether true or false.

(i) The PENUP and PENDOWN primitives take input.

(ii) PE primitive makes the turtle work like an eraser.

(iii) The PRINT command take no input.

(iv) The SUM primitive is used to add two numbers.

Answer

(i) False

(ii) True

(iii) False

(iv) True

4. What is logo? 

Logo stands for Language Of Graphic Oriented. It is a programming language specially created for children.

5. How to start Logo?

Click Start → Programs→ MSW Logo. 

6. What are the components of a logo screen?

The logo screen appears:

• Graphic Area
• Commander window
• Recall list box
• Input box.

7. What is a turtle?

A turtle is the cursor of the logo screen. It is a triangle which moves in the logo graphics area according to the command given by the user. 

8. Explain the PENUP(PU) command.

The PENUP primitive (PU) is used to lift up the turtle's pen. After the PU primitive has been given, the turtle moves without drawing any line.

9. Explain PENDOWN or PD Primitive.

The PENDOWN primitive (PD) is used after the PENUP primitive. It puts the pen down so that the turtle starts drawing again.

10. Explain PENERASE or PE primitive.

The PENERASE or PE primitive makes the turtle work like an eraser.

11. Explain SETPC .

The SETPC primitive changes the colour of the turtle pen. Colours are represented by numbers given below:

12. Explain PRINT or PR Primitive.

The print primitive is used to write any number, word or sentence. The output of this commands is displayed in the Recall List Box. The PRINT command takes one input.

13. What are the arithmetic operators used in logo? 

1. Addition (+)

2. Subtraction(-)

3. Multiplication (*)

4. Quotient (\)

14. What are the methods used for PRINT command?

To PRINT a word use the open quote(") sign before the word.

To PRINT a list of words or numbers write the list within [ ].

15. What is Sum primitive?

The SUM primitive is used to add two numbers.

Example:- PRINT SUM 23 92 ←

The output will be displayed in the Recall list box.

16. Explain DIFFERENCE Primitive.

The DIFFERENCE primitive is used to subtract one number from the other.

Example: PRINT DIFFERENCE 165

The output will be displayed in the Recall list box.

17. Explain PRODUCT Primitive.

The product primitive to used to multiply two numbers.

Example:- PRINT PRODUCT 10 15

The output will be displayed in the Recall list Box.

18. Explain QUOTIENT Primitive.

The Quotient Primitive is used to divide one number by another and displayed to quotient.

Example:- PRINT QUOTIENT 60 6

The output will be displayed in Recall list box.

19. What is Repeat Primitive?

The Repeat Primitive is used to instruct the computer to do a certain task repeatedly. The Repeat primitive saves a lot time and effort.