1. Explain the term infrastructure.

Infrastructure provides supporting services in the main areas of industrial and agricultural production, domestic and foreign trade and commerce. These services include roads , railways , airports , dams ,power stations oil and gas pipelines, telecommunication facilities , the countries educational system including schools and colleges, health system including hospital sanitary system including clean drinking water facilities and the monetary system including banks, insurance and other financial institution.

2. Explain the two categories in to which infrastructure is divided . How are both Interdependent?

Infrastructure divided in to two categories – economic and social. Infrastructure associated with energy transportation and communications are included in the former category where as those related to education health and housing are included in the latter.

3. How do infrastructure facilities boost production ?

Infrastructure contributes to economic development of a country both by increasing the productivity of the factors of production and improving the quality of life of its people. Inadequate infrastructure can have multiple adverse effects on health improvements in water supply and sanitation have a large impact by reducing morbidity from major disease and reducing the severely of diseases when it occurs.

4. What is the state of rural infrastructure in India?

A majority of our people live in rural areas . Rural women are still using bio fuels such as crop residues dung and fuel wood to meet their energy requirement. They walk long distances to fetch fuel, water and other basic needs. The census 2001 shows that in rural India only 56% households have an electricity connection and 43 percent still use in kerosene . The government has been solely responsible for developing the country's infrastructure. But it was found that the government’s investment in infrastructure was inadequate. The private sector by it self and also in joint partnership with the public sector has started playing a very important role in infrastructure development.

5. What is the significance of energy ?

Energy is a critical aspect of the development process of a nation . It is used on a large scale in agriculture and related areas like production and transpiration of fertilizers pesticides and farm equipment.

6. Differentiate between commercial and non commercial sources of energy?

Commercial sources are coal petroleum and electricity as they are brought and sold. Non commercial sources of energy are firewood agricultural waste and dried dung.

7. What are the three  basic sources of generating power?

There are three sources of energy which commonly termed as non conventional sources. Solar energy wind energy and tidal power.

8. What are the various non – commercial sources of energy?

Non commercial sources of energy are firewood agricultural waste and dung. These are non commercial as they are found in nature/ forests.

9. What problems are being faced by the power sector in India ?  

a) India’s installed capacity to generate electricity is not sufficient to feed an annual economic growth. Growth of 7%.  b) State Electricity Boards ( SEBs) which distribute electricity incur losses which exceed Rs 500 billion . This is due to transmission and distribution and losses, wrong pricing of electricity and other inefficiencies.  C) Private sector power generators are yet to play their role in a major way. Same in the case with foreign investors. d) There is general public unrest due to high power tariffs and prolonged power cuts in different parts of the country.

10. What is global burden of diseases ?

GBD is an indicator used by experts to gauge the number of people dying prematurely due to a particular disease as well as the number of years spend by them in a state of disability owing to the disease.

11. Discuss the main draw backs of our health care system.
             Draw backs of the public health system
a)There is a fragmented approach since the conceptualization and planning  of the all programs is centralized and the specific needs of the local area are not taken in  account.
b)Accessibility , utilization and acceptability of the programs is low because the infrastructure set up by the government is based on population norms rather than habitation .
c)There is a gap between the demand and supply of human resources there by causing people to waste time waiting in queues for treatment or consultation.
d)Though there is implementation of infrastructure but the quality of service offered us not consistent .
               Private Health care in India
The private health sector consists of the not for profit and the for profit health sectors . The not for profit health sector includes various health services provided by Non Government Organization ( NGOs ) charitable institution, missions , trust etc. Health care in the for profit health sector consists of various types of practitioners and institution. The licensed practitioners range from general practitioners ( GPs ) to the super specialists , various types of consultation nurse and paramedics licentiates and rural medical practitioners.

12. How has women’s health become a matter of great concern?

Women constitute about half of the total population in India . They suffer many disadvantages as compared to men in the areas of education participation in economic activities and health care. The deterioration in the child sex ratio in the country from 945 in 1991 to 927 as revealed by the census of 2001. Abortions are also a major cause of maternal mobility and mortality in India. So women’s health become a matter of great concern.

13. List out six systems of Indian medicine.

It includes six systems Ayurveda , yoga, unani, siddha naturopathy and Homeopathy ( AYUSH).

14. Describe the meaning of public health.

Public health is the science and art of preventing disease , prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society organization public and private , communities and individuals.