71. What was the Dawes plan?
As per the Dawes plan, to avert a terrible economic crisis in Germany, the USA lent money to Germany to help it pay its reparation bill.

72. In which year was the Locarno treaties signed?
In 1925, Germany accepted its western borders as set out in the Treaty of Versailles as per the Locarno treaties.

73. What do you know about the Kellogg – Briand Pact?
As per the Kellogg- Briand pact, 1928, 65 nations agreed not to use force to settle disputes. This is also known as Pact of Paris.

74. What is Pact of Paris?
As per the Kellogg- Briand pact, 1928, 65 nations agreed not to use force to settle disputes. This is also known as Pact of Paris.

75. What was the main agenda of the Young plan, 1929?
The main agenda was to reduce Germany’s reparation payments.

76. Briefly discuss the disarmament in the 1920s.
In the 1920s, the League largely failed in bringing about disarmament. At the Washington conference in 1921 the USA, Japan, Britain and France agreed to limit the size of their navies but that was as far as disarmament ever got. In 1923, the League’s first attempt at a disarmament treaty was accepted by France and by other nations, but was rejected by Britain because it would tie it to defending other countries. In 1926, plans were finally made for a disarmament conference, but it took five years even to agree a “draft convention “for the conference to focus on and in 1933 that was rejected by Germany. The failure of disarmament was particularly damaging to the League’s reputation in Germany. Germany had disarmed. It had been forced to. But no other countries had disarmed to the same extent. They were not prepared to give up their own armies and they were certainly not prepared to be the first to disarm. Even so, in the late 1920s, the League’s failure over disarmament did not seem too serious because of a series of international agreements that seemed to promise a more peaceful world. The two most important of these agreements were the Locarno treaties and the Kellogg- Briand pact.

77. Write short notes on the Locarno Treaties?
In October 1925, representatives of France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Poland and Czechoslovakia met in Locarno in Switzerland. After many days of hard negotiation they emerged with some important agreements:
• Germany finally accepted the borders with France and Belgium that were laid out in the Treaty of Versailles. Britain and Italy guaranteed to protect France if Germany violated these borders.
• Germany accepted that the Rhineland would remain a demilitarized zone.
• France and Germany agreed to settle any future disputes through the League of Nations.

78. What were the consequent results of the Locarno treaties?
The Locarno agreement was greeted with terrific enthusiasm, particularly in France. The agreement seemed to resolve some of the problems left over from the First World War. France felt that at last it was being given some guarantee of border security. Germany had shown more goodwill towards France than ever before. The agreement paved the way for Germany to join the League of Nations. Germany was granted entry into the League of Nations in 1926. Now, the Soviet Union was the only major European power not in the League.

79. Write short notes on the Kellogg – Briand pact?
In 1928, the Kellogg- Briand pact was signed. Three years after Locarno, the Kellogg – Briand pact marked the high point of international relations in the 1920s. There was nothing in the pact about what would happen if a state broke the terms of the agreement. Nor did the agreement help the League of Nations with disarmament. The states all agreed that they had to keep their armies for self- defense. However at the time, the Pact was greeted as a turning point in history.

80. What were the terms of the Kellogg – Briand pact?
The terms were:
• The parties...Condemn war as a means of solving international disputes and reject it as an instrument of policy.
• The settlement or solution of all disputes..shall only be sought by peaceful means.