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1."Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy”. Why? Or What is the need to develop agriculture in India? Or Write the importance of agriculture in India.

Need to develop agriculture in India:

1) It can supply food to the growing population. 

2) It can supply all raw materials to all our leading industries such as jute, vanaspathi, cotton textile, tea and coffee.

3) Small inputs in agriculture can create large outputs. So agriculture can be developed easily and we can achieve increase in income.

4) It creates demand to the industrial goods such as agricultural implements, fertilisers, pesticides etc.

5) Foreign exchange is not highly required for agriculture.

6) Developed agriculture improves the rate of investment. This, in turn, leads to industrial development.

7) It provides livelihood to the people who are not suitable to the industrial field. Thus it solves unemployment.

8) Its contribution is 30% of India’s Gross Domestic Product.

9) In view of the above reasons agriculture is considered as the backbone of Indian economy.

2. What is Green Revolution? What are the achievements of Green Revolution?

The development of high yielding varieties to increase crop production is called Green Revolution.

The achievements of Green Revolution are:

1) The net cultivated area shows an increase of 24 million hectares.

2) The double cropped area was increased from 13 million hectares to 43 million hectares.

3) The total irrigated area increased from 22 million hectares to 62 million hectares t.

4) There was a spectacular increase in total food production from 50 million to 130 million tons.

5) There is a significant increase in the area of high-yielding varieties by 63.1 million hectares.

6) The use of fertilisers has increased to 70.5kg per hectare.

3. Name four different agricultural development programmes.

1) Community Development Programme.

2) Small Farmers’ Development Agency.

3) Marginal Farmers’ and Agricultural Labourers' Development Agency.

4) Intensive Agricultural Development Programme.

4. What factors are responsible for the low agricultural productivity in India?

1) Over crowding: There is over crowding in agriculture. It makes cultivable land for each fall very low.

2) Illiteracy: Many of the Indian cultivators are illiterate and ignorant. They lack motivation.

3) Inadequate non-farm services: The non-farm services like finance, marketing, scientific storing are not adequate for the farmers.

4) Small land holdings: Our land holdings are too small to put an investment on them.

5) Outdated techniques: Even today our farmers are following outdated techniques which are ineffective.

6) Unsystematic use of fertilisers: The use of both manure and chemical fertilisers is extremely inadequate and unscientific.

7) Inadequate irrigational facilities: Irrigational facilities are also inadequate. Our cultivators depend mainly on monsoons. So their cultivation is a gamble on monsoons.

8) Natural calamities: Failure of monsoons, floods, drought, famine, pests etc., also result in low agricultural production.

9) Other causes: Hereditary debts, disguised unemployment, neglecting agriculture are other causes for low agricultural production.

5. What are the sources of inland fisheries? Name the important states for inland fisheries.

Inland fisheries are of two types. They are: i) the fresh water fisheries  ii) The Estuarine fisheries.

Rivers, irrigation canals, reservoirs, tanks, ponds and fresh water lakes are the source of the fresh water fisheries. Delta channels, back waters, lagoons and coastal lakes are the sources of the Estuarine fisheries. West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Assam are the important states for inland fisheries.

6.”India is mainly an agricultural country”. Justify. Describe the importance of agriculture in India.

1) Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of people in India. It is the chief occupation of about two-thirds of India’s population.

2) Agriculture is the main source of income for about three-fourths of the villagers.

3) Agriculture contributes 30% of the Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P) of our country.

4) Agriculture provides food for millions of our people.

5) It also provides raw materials for manufacturing industries like paper, textiles, sugar, vegetable oil, jute, tobacco, medicines etc.

6) Some Agricultural products like fruits, herbals, tea, coffee, tobacco, spices, jute, cashew nut etc., are exported. We get foreign exchange by exporting them.

7) Agriculture is not only the main occupation but also it is a way of our life, culture and custom. We celebrate some festivals like Sankranthi, Onam etc., which are associated with agricultural products.

7. Write about the geographical conditions required for the growth of oil seeds and name the states that grow them.

Geographical conditions required for the growth of oil seeds:

1) Temperature: Moderate temperature ranging between 20°C and 30°C is required.

2) Rainfall: Moderate rainfall of 50 to 100 cms.

3) Soil: Light soils even though they have less fertility.

States that grow oil seeds: Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Odisa, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana.

8. How can you say that India is essentially an agricultural country in the world?

i) Agriculture is the main occupation of two-thirds of working population for their livelihood.

ii) Agriculture is the chief source of India’s national income. It contributes 30% of the Gross Domestic Product.

9. Give a detailed account of the importance of livestock in India.

1) Livestock plays a very important role in agricultural country like India.

2) Our agricultural holdings are very small, hence animal power is necessary.

3) Much of our agriculture is not mechanised and so cattle will have to be used in the cultivation of land.

4) For supply of natural manure to the lands, cattle wealth is necessary.

5) Livestock supplies meat, milk, eggs etc., to the people.

6) In India large number of livestock have become source of hides and skins.

7) The products of livestock like wool and skins bring us foreign exchange.

8) In India we have to use milk, meat and eggs in the menu our diet.

9) The present rising levels of milk production are not catering to the needs of increasing population.

10. What are the geographical conditions necessary for the growth of tobacco? Mention the states that grow tobacco.

Geographical conditions necessary for the growth of tobacco:

1) Temperature: The temperature should be ranging from 20°C to 40°C. It is grown in a wild climatic range.

2) Rainfall: It requires annual 75 to 100 cms rainfall. Frost is harmful.

3) Soil: Well drained sandy loams or sandy clay soils are suitable. Plenty of cheap labour is needed.

States that grow tobacco: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Odisa, Bihar, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.

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