1. Which is the primary factor that help in the germination of seeds?

     Water is the primary factor which help in the germination of seeds.

2. Through which part does water enters the seed?

     Water enters the seed through the Micropyle.

3. What is germination ?

     The process by which small plant sprouts out from the embryo of a seed on favourable conditions is termed as germination of seed.

4. Radicle, Plumule etc. are transformed into which part in plants?

     Radicle grows as the root and plumule grows as the stem.

5. What is the role of water in germination ?

     Germination is the growth of embryo. Actually water is the factor which initiate the process of seed germination. All seeds contain a living plant in them called an embryo. The process of growth of this embryo is germination. Food is necessary for growth. All seeds contain stored food to nourish the little plant. But this food is present in insoluble solid form.So embryo cannot absorb this for its life process. Embryo can absorb the food only in liquid form. So at the time of germination the stored food is converted into liquid form. Water is essential for this process.

6. What is the role of air in seed germination ?

     All living beings use oxygen for respiration.Germination occurs as a result of rapid growth of embryo. It needs large amount of energy. This energy is obtained through respiration. So oxygen is essential for the germinating seed.

7. Teacher suggested various experiments to students to present in the science club. The role of air in seed germination; can you help him to prepare an experiment?

Materials required: Two glass beakers, boiled water, normal water, oil, some pea seeds.

Method of experiment: Take two glass beakers pour boiled and cooled water to one of the beakers and put some pea seeds in it and spread oil over the water surface. Then take the second beaker and pour normal water in it. Put equal number of pea seeds in it. Keep these two beakers such for few days and observe.

Observation: After two or three days we can observe that the seeds which were put in boiled and cooled water remains as such and the seeds which were in normal water has a small sprout in it.

Conclusion: When water is boiled the air in it was expelled out completely. Besides this because of the spreading of oil over the water surface, the diffusion of air into water from the atmosphere was also checked. This leads to the complete lacking of air in the first beaker so  that seeds put in it did not germinate.

     The seeds out in the second beaker begins to support using the air dissolved in water.

8. What is the role of cotyledons?

     Germination occurs as a result of rapid growth of embryo. Food is needed for this. Embryo uses the food material which is stored in the cotyledons. This is why the cotyledons are fleshy and thick. The developing embryo uses all the nutrients from the cotyledons. After the formation of leaves the cotyledons begins to shrivel and gradually they wither.

9. Write the names of plants which climb on supports?

           
    
     Pepper Vine, Snake Gourd, Pea bitter Gourd, Bryonia, Dioscorea.

10. Appu saw many varieties of vegetable plants in his uncles vegetable garden. He noticed plants like pepper, water melon, betel, pumpkin, snake gourd bitter gourd bryonia, Cucumber, Sweat potato etc. He classified them as creepers and climbers you also try to do this?

11. What is the difference between creepers and climbers ?

  

     Some plants are weak stemmed. So they depend on other plants or supports to grow. They are called climbers. Eg: Bitter gourd, Snake gourd. Some other weak stemmed plants like sweet potato, pumpkin etc. grow by creeping on ground. They do not depend on any support to grow. They are called creepers.

12. How do the climbers climb on supports? Does the pepper plant and grapevine climb alike? What about Dioscorea?

     Climbers are also weak stemmed plants that climb on supports. Some climbers twine around the support, they are called twiners. Some others climb with the help of structures like tendrils, hooks and thorns. The climbing of the pepper plant and grape vine is not alike. Pepper plant climbs on supports with the help of climbing roots. Grape vine climbs with the help of structure like tendrils. Dioscorea is a weak stemmed plant that climbs on support.

13. What are the special features seen in Climbers?

     The climbers have some special structure, that help in climbing the supports. Small roots that help to climb, spring like structures (tendrils) etc. are some of the adaptation in them. The tendrils in grape vine, bitter gourd and climbing root in pepper betel etc. are examples for this.