1. What is the important component in the diet of herbivorous animals?

Cellulose is the important component in the diet of herbivores.

2. What are the different types of teeth present in herbivores?

There are tree types of teeth present in herbivores. They are incisors, Molars and Premolars. Canine teeth are absent in them.

3. What is cud?

The partially digested food ( or partially digested grass) in the rumen of a cow is called cud.

4. What is the main difference between production of digestion between ruminants and other mammals?

In other mammals glucose is absorbed and supplied to the cells as a fuel, where in ruminants glucose produced by the hydrolysis of cellulose is fermented by micro- organisms to propionic and butyric acids which are absorbed by the animal.

5. What is caprophagy and what is its importance?

Some herbivores animals like rabbits produce two types of faecal matter- First a soft brownish faecal matter with partially digested cellulose, the animals eats it once again it is called caprophagy. By taking the faecal matter once again partially digested cellulose is completely digested.

6. Why ruminant’s digestion is a good example for symbiosis?

1. Symbols are the relation between two organisms in which both are benefited mutually. Symbiosis is seen in ruminants with bacteria.
2. The enzyme cellulose produced by the bacteria converts cellulose into fatty acids which are used by the animal and in turn animal supplies proteins form its diet to microorganisms, which are degraded into amino acids by them are utilized by the micro- organism for the synthesis of their protein.

7. What is rumination?

The process by which the cud (partially digested food) is brought back from the stomach to the mouth of the animal and chewed again is called rumination (or chewing the cud).

8. What are ruminants? Give examples. 

The cellulose carbohydrates present in grass can be digested by the action of certain bacteria which are present only in the stomach of animals called ruminants. 
     Cow, buffaloes, goat, sheep, deer, giraffe etc.

9. What are incisors, canines, premolars and molars? State their functions. 

There are four types of teeth in our mouth. They are 

  i.   Incisors
  ii.  Canines
  iii.  Premolars and
  iv.  Molars.

1. Incisors are the chisel shaped teeth at the front of the mouth. The incisors are for biting and cutting the food. There are four incisors in the centre of each jaw.
2. Canines are the large, pointed teeth just behind the incisors. The canines are for piercing and tearing the food. There are two canines in each jaw, one behind the left incisor and the other behind right incisor.
3. Premolars are the large just behind the canines on each side. Premolars have large, flat surfaces. The premolars are for chewing and grinding the food. There are four premolars in a jaw, two on each side.
4. Molars are very large teeth which are present just behind the premolars, towards the back of our mouth. The molars have a larger surface area than premolars. The function of molars is the same as that of premolars. That is, molars are for chewing and grinding the food. There are six molars in each jaw, three on each side. Please note that molars are present only in the permanent set of teeth. They are not present in the temporary set of teeth called milk teeth. 

Most of the adult men and women have a total 32 teeth. Of these, 16 are in the upper jaw and 16 are in the lower jaw. The 16 teeth of each jaw consists of 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars and 6 molars. The teeth of upper jaw match with the teeth of lower jaw.

10. Which is the largest chamber in the stomach of ruminants?  What it contains?

Rumen is the largest  of the four chambers in the stomach and it contains a large number of cellulose producing micro organisms.