In Merton's terms, a person who has abandoned the goal of material success and become compulsively committed to the institutional means is a (an):
ritualist
retreatist
rebel
innovator
Gambling, public drunkenness, prostitution, and smoking marijuana are often considered:
white-collar crimes
violent crimes against people
"victimless" crimes
organized crime
Which one of the following crime rates was higher in the United States than in Europe during the 1980s and 1990s?
murder
rape
robbery
all of the above
__________ view standards of deviant behavior as merely reflecting cultural norms, whereas ____________ and ____________ theorists point out that the most powerful groups in a society can shape laws and standards and determine who is (or is not) prosecuted as a criminal.
conflict theorists; functionalists; labeling
labeling theorists; conflict; functionalist
functionalists; conflict; labeling
conflict theorists; labeling; functionalist
A burglar who wants to live in the suburbs along with lawyers and stockbrokers will pursue material success by violating the law. In Robert Merton's terms, the burglar is a(n):
Which of the following conducted observation research on two groups of high school males-the Saints and the Roughnecks-and concluded that social class played an important role in the varying fortunes of the two groups?
Richard Quinney
Edwin Sutherland
Émile Durkheim
William Chambliss
Which of the following suggested that the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to stability?
Stanley Milgram
Which of the following offered pioneering insights regarding professional criminals by publishing an annotated account written by a professional thief?
Robert Merton
Howard S. Becker
A useful distinction between conformity and obedience was made by social psychologist:
An important aspect of labeling theory is the recognition that some people or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others. This view recalls the emphasis placed on the social significance of power by the:
functionalist perspective
conflict perspective
interactionist perspective
anomie theory of deviance