1.    What is Globe?

                           Ans: A Globe is a model of the Earth on a small size.

2.    How is a globe useful?

                             Ans:  Continents, oceans and major features of the Earth are marked on the globe. Lines of latitude and longitude are also shown.  The globe is an accurate representation of the Earth.

3.    What are the limitations of a globe?

                           Ans: The space on the globe is limited and details cannot be shown.

4.    Why are maps of large areas not as accurate as a globe?

                         Ans: Maps represent the world as a whole or a part of it on a flat paper, However, it is difficult to represent curved surface of a sphere on a flat piece of paper.

5.    What is the language of a map?

                       Ans: The language of a map includes its title, scale, direction, grid, symbols, colours etc.

6.    Why it is not possible to draw an accurate map?

                      Ans: It is not possible to draw an accurate map due to the spherical shape of the Earth.

7.    What are the cardinal directions on a map?

                     Ans: The cardinal directions on a map are North, South, East and West.

8.    What are physical maps?

                   Ans: Maps showing mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers and other features are known as physical maps.

9.    How would you find the directions on a wall map?

                 Ans: The direction on a wall map is always measured with respect to the North.

10.    How can we show the scale on a map?

               Ans: Scale is shown on the map in three ways: by a Statement, by Representative Fraction and by Linear scale. Each of the method has certain limitations and advantages.

11.    What is the advantage of a sketch?

               Ans: A sketch is a rough drawing, showing some features of an area which does not require any scale.

12.    How is a plan prepared?

                Ans: A plan is prepared to show more details about a small area.

13.    How is a plan more useful than a sketch?

                Ans: A plan is more useful than a sketch as the plan is prepared to show more details of a small area and is done in scale which is more scientific than a sketch, while sketch is a rough drawing, showing some features of an area, not drawn to a scale.

14.    What are the advantages of a plan?

                     Ans: Plans have the advantages in the following ways:

(i)    It may have the scale, which is very much useful for accurate measurements;
(ii)    Show more details about an area;
(iii)    Do not take much time.

15.    Why are conventional symbols necessary?

                            Ans: Maps represent a part of the earth’s surface on a small size. Therefore the space available is limited on a map, where many features have to be shown. These various features are shown by a set of common symbols, known as conventional symbols because the same symbols are used by all countries on the basis of agreements.

16.    How are distances measured from maps?

                       Ans: Distances are measured from maps using the statement of scale of the graduated straight or the graduated straight line on the map. 

17.    What information is needed to locate Q from a known point P?

                    Ans: Both distance and direction are necessary to locate Q from a known point P.

18.    Distinguish between Globe and Map.

Ans:
                    Globe                                       :                                       Map

(i)The globe is an accurate                     :     (i) Maps do not represent the Earth’s surface as accurately as globe.  

    representation of the Earth

(ii) The space available on a                  :    (ii) Maps have the advantage to show more
       Globe is too small to show all                        details about small areas.
       Important features of a continent.

(iii)Globes are not usually taken to the   :  (iii) Maps have the advantage that they              
      field as it is not very conventient to               are easy to handle and are taken to
      carry.                                                                   the field.
(iv)A globe cannot be made for a part     : (iv) Maps can be made for a part of the
       Of the Earth.                                                     Earth.
(v)Details of geographical features can  :(v) Details of geographical features can
     not be shown.                                                  be shown.

19.    Distinguish between a Map and a Plan.

Ans:
                              Maps                                         :                        Plans

(i) A map is drawn to show a large area.         :   (i)  Plans show a small building or a
                                                                                           smaller area.
(ii) Maps are drawn on a scale.                        :    (ii) Plans may/may not have a scale.

(iii) Maps cannot depict each and every          :   (iii) Plans show more details about
detail.                                                                                an area.
(iv) It takes a long time to prepare a map.       :  (iv) Plans do not take much time.

(v) Maps serve various purposes to show        : (v) Plans serve only limited purpose.
      distance, locations direction and
      distribution.
(vi) Scale of a map can be 1 cm to 1 km         :   (vi) Scale of a plan is 1 cm to 1 m or
or 1 cm to 1000 km.                                                  slightly more only.


20.    Distinguish between A plan and a sketch.

Ans:                        Plans                                                    :                           Sketches
(i)Plans show a small building or a smaller area.      :  (i) Sketches also show a small    area.                                                                                
(ii) Plans may have a scale.                                             :  (ii) Sketches are never drawn to a scale.
(iii) Plan show more details about an area                   :  (iii) Sketches may or may not show
                                                                                                         the details of an area.
(iv) Plans serve more details about an area                :  (iv) Sketches serve only a few Purpose.
(v)  Scale of plan is 1 cm to 1m or slightly                    :   (v) No scale is required.
       more only.  

21.    Explain Globe:-

                             Ans: A model of Earth which can help us to learn about the Earth is called a globe. A globe is a simple and accurate way to represent the Earth. The map on the globe shows the correct size, shape and location of places in relation to each other. However, a globe has the following limitations:
(i)    It is difficult to carry.
(ii)   The shape on the globe is limited and details cannot be shown.
(iii)   A globe cannot be for a part of the Earth.
(iv)   Details of geographical features cannot be shown properly.

22.    Explain Map:-

                           Ans: A Map is a representation of the Earth as a whole of a part of it, drawn to a scale on a flat surface. Although less accurate than a globe, a map is definitely more useful. Maps have been in use ever since man started exploring the Earth. The language of a map includes its title, scale, direction, grid, signs, symbols, and colours. The direction of a place with respect to the North and the distance between any two places are essential features of a map.

23.    Explain about Distance:-

                              Ans: Distance literally means the space between any two places. Distance can be long or short. We normally say that the market is near our house and the school is far away. ‘Never’ means that we can reach a place in a short time, while ‘far away’ means that we need more time to reach that place. Thus, the distance is related to the time taken to reach a destination. However, the time taken to cover a given distance can vary not only from person to person, but also from place to place. Thus we need a system to measure distances correctly.
           In India we follow the metric system to measure the distance, which is usually straight line distance.

24.    Explain about Ground distance:-

                         Ans: We measure the distance between any two places on the map and relate it with the distance between the same two places on the ground. The distance between any two places on a map, measured along a straight line is called the map distance. The distance between the same two places on the ground is called the ground distances.

25.    Explain about Map distance:-

                       Ans: We measure the distance between any two places on the map and relate it with the distance between the same two places on the ground. The distance between any two places on a map, measured along a straight line, is called the map distance.

26.    Explain about Scale:-

                            Ans: Scale is known as the ratio between the map distance and the ground distance. For example, if the distance between the two points on a map is of one centimeter and the distance between the same two places on the ground is one kilometer, it can be expressed as 1 cm: 1 km.
           Scale on a map can be shown in various ways, for example:-
(i)    By a statement, (ii) By Numerical Fraction, (iii) By Graphic section or Liner scale. This linear scale is again divided in Primary divisions and Secondary divisions.

27.    What are maps? Describe different types of maps.

                  Ans: The word map comes from the Latin word ‘mappo’ meaning a napkin. Maps represent the world as a whole or a part of it on a flat paper.

Different types of maps are used for different purposes:-

(i)    Finding distances from maps:-

                  Distance is an important component of map. A map represents a portion of the Earth’s surface on a reduced size or scale. Distances may be measured from maps using the statement of a scale or the graduated line on the map.

(ii)    Finding directions from maps :-

                   The four main directions are North, South, West and East which are also called cardinal directions. The north line in a map shows the true North or the Geographical North based on the position of the North Pole.
                    The direction midway between north and east is called the north – east, north and west as north – west, south and east as south – west, They are known as the intermediate directions.

(iii)    Conventional symbols :-

                     Maps represent a part of the Earth’s surface on a small size. Hence, the space available on the map is limited. Therefore, the various features are shown by a set of common symbols, known as conventional symbols which are used by all the countries based on common agreement.

28.    How can we convert the R.F. into statement and vice – versa?

        Ans: It can be shown with the help of an example.
        Let us calculate the R.F. when the statement of the scale is 4 cm: 5 km.
        Change both the sides to the same units of measurement.
         4 cm : 5 × 1000 = 5,000 m.
         4 cm : 5,000 × 1000 = 5, 00,000 cm

         ¨ 4 cm : 5,00,000 cm

           1 cm : 1,25,000 cm.

Now let us drop the units of measurement from both the sides.:-

1 : 1,25,000 and the R.F. will be         1        

                                                              1,25,000

29. What are the advantages of a magnetic compass?

                          Ans: A magnetic compass is used for finding the North. If there are no magnetic substances in the surrounding areas, the needle of the compass always points towards the North - South direction. This compass is also, called the Mariner's compass as it is used by the mariners or seamen to find the direction while sailing.